Trigeminal neuralgia is a recurrent, paroxysmal, knife-like or electric shock-like severe pain in the distribution area of the trigeminal nerve, and is the most intense pain experienced by human beings, hence the title of “the first pain in the world”. According to the diagnostic criteria for trigeminal neuralgia established by the Classification Committee of the International Society for Head and Facial Pain: (1) Paroxysmal attacks of facial pain lasting from a few seconds to a minute. (2) The pain contains at least the following five criteria: (1) the pain is limited to one or more branches of the trigeminal nerve; (2) the pain is sudden, intense, sharp, stabbing, cutting or burning pain on the skin surface; (3) the pain is severe; (4) the face mostly has trigger points and stimulation of trigger points can induce pain; (5) there are intervals between spasm attacks. (3) The form of each seizure is stereotyped. (4) Exclude other disorders that cause facial pain. Up to now, there is no theory that can clearly elucidate the etiology and pathogenesis, and it is speculated that the ectopic impulses generated by the demyelination of the trigeminal nerve are the main cause of trigeminal neuralgia. However, many scholars tend to use vascular compression to explain the cause of trigeminal neuralgia, suggesting that vascular compression at abnormal locations around the trigeminal nerve root can lead to pain. The pain attack will be caused by the short circuit. The most common site for pain attacks is the distribution area of the II and III branches of the trigeminal nerve, while the development of the I branch is rare. The current treatment for trigeminal neuralgia mainly includes: ①Medication: carbamazepine, phenytoin sodium, lamotrigine, etc. (2) local treatment: anhydrous ethanol, glycerin and other closed treatment; (3) surgery; (4) Chinese medicine treatment; (5) psychotherapy, etc. Among them, surgical treatment includes trigeminal nerve root microvascular decompression (MVD), trigeminal nerve root dissection, percutaneous microballoon trigeminal ganglion compression, percutaneous percutaneous radiofrequency thermocoagulation (PRT) and gamma knife radiation therapy. Different treatment modalities are used according to the patient’s different disease characteristics and physical condition, but whatever the treatment option, it will produce the corresponding concomitant symptoms. For primary trigeminal neuralgia, the clinical treatment is usually based on medication first. For those who cannot continue to take medication because of the ineffectiveness of medication or adverse drug reactions, surgical treatment can be considered, and MVD can be the first treatment option for them. For patients who cannot tolerate general anesthesia surgery but also need surgical treatment, radiofrequency thermocoagulation of the trigeminal meningeal nerve can be chosen.