The study found that the survival rate of patients who underwent early closure without preoperative pulmonary hypertension, heart failure, or atrial fibrillation was the same as normal, and the long-term survival rate of patients who underwent closure before the age of 24 was the same as that of healthy patients of the same age and gender; cardiopulmonary activity improved after closure of the atrial septal defect, regardless of whether the patient was symptomatic or not. However, the increased incidence of distant atrial fibrillation associated with the closure of atrial septal defects after the age of 40 years suggests that delayed closure of atrial septal defects may lead to increased mortality in the long term. Although small ASDs smaller than 10 mm are traditionally considered as non-surgical in the absence of cardiac enlargement and symptoms, interventional treatment of small ASDs in adults is also recommended, considering that small ASDs may be complicated by paradoxical thrombosis and brain abscess, and that these two complications occur in adults, especially after the age of 60 years.