Shoulder surgery, as an emerging subspecialty of joint surgery, has not been well understood by the majority of doctors and patients in China. Since the 1970s, shoulder surgery has developed rapidly in Europe and the United States, and has made great progress, resulting in a complete set of techniques that have enabled many patients to recover from shoulder disorders. This is based firstly on the deepening knowledge of how the shoulder joint works, and secondly on the rapid development of modern imaging technology and material science. In China, shoulder surgery is still in its infancy, and orthopedic surgeons and patients are not aware of shoulder diseases, and there are very few doctors specializing in shoulder surgery. Many shoulder joint diseases cannot be correctly diagnosed and treated. As long as the shoulder joint pain and movement is limited, it is diagnosed as “frozen shoulder” and treated by climbing the wall, circling, hanging the bar, applying plaster, acupuncture, cupping, small needle knife, etc. As a result, not only can the disease not be relieved, but sometimes the disease is aggravated and the best treatment opportunity is lost. The result is that not only does it fail to relieve the condition, but sometimes the condition worsens and the best opportunity for treatment is lost. It is now believed that traditional frozen shoulder includes five common diseases: frozen shoulder, rotator cuff injury, acromioclavicular impingement, biceps tenosynovitis, and calcific rotator cuff tendonitis. Sometimes two or more diseases can coexist, such as acromioclavicular impingement combined with rotator cuff injury, in addition to cervical spondylosis, thoracic and shoulder tumors, and congenital malformations. Each of these diseases has its own characteristics to distinguish from other diseases. Therefore, a lot of shoulder pain and limited movement are not simply “frozen shoulder”, but have different pathogenesis, and treatment is certainly very different. Patients should see a professional joint surgeon or even a shoulder surgeon, especially when they are diagnosed with “frozen shoulder” and the treatment is not effective or even aggravated, they should be more cautious. Do not just try to save money, and do not easily believe in the “secret recipe”, “one patch”, etc., so as not to miss the best time for treatment. Some diseases can be cured by conservative treatment, such as frozen shoulder, which can be cured by physical therapy, functional exercise and anti-inflammatory and pain relieving drugs. Surgery mainly includes arthroscopic surgery and incisional surgery. Shoulder arthroscopic surgery has the advantages of less trauma, wide field of view, good results and quick recovery. If the disease is combined with certain bony abnormalities such as bone cysts, the microscopic operation is more difficult and incisional surgery may be required. Traditional incisional surgery is very traumatic, painful, complicating and slow to recover. Small incisional surgery, on the other hand, can reveal the surgical site completely and ensure that the surgery is done in high quality under direct vision, while reducing the damage to the deltoid muscle and other important surrounding structures. Compared with traditional incision surgery, postoperative pain is light, complications are few, functional exercise can be performed early, and recovery is fast.