In recent years, the incidence of oral submucosal fibrous degeneration (OSF) has been increasing year by year and deserves high concern! OSF is a chronic progressive oral mucosal disease with cancerous tendency. Clinically, it presents with burning pain, loss of taste, numbness of the lips and tongue, dry mouth, mucosal blisters, ulcers, painful eating of irritating foods, pale, grayish streak-like damage of the mucosa in various parts of the mouth, progressive restriction of mouth opening, and difficulty in swallowing, resulting in functional impairment and reduced quality of life. OSF is closely related to the following factors: (1) betel nut chewing; (2) irritating food; (3) nutritional factors: vitamin A deficiency, low serum iron and selenium; (4) immune factors; (5) genetic factors, etc. The incidence of OSF is 0.04%-24.4%. Domestic and international epidemiological surveys have found that betel nut chewers have a very high incidence of leukoplakia and lichen planus, in addition to OSF. The risk of oral cancer among betel nut chewers is 154-288.5% higher than that of non-chewers, which is a common public health problem in many countries around the world. Suggestions: (1) Quit betel nut chewing habit, quit smoking and alcohol, and avoid stimulating food; (2) Multivitamin supplementation, vitamin A and E; (3) Local closure; (4) Hyperbaric oxygen therapy; (5) Surgical treatment: excision of fibrous strips and skin implants, used for those with severely restricted mouth opening; (6) Traditional Chinese medicine, activating blood circulation and removing blood stasis, etc.