Abdominal aortic aneurysm is a common arterial dilatation disease that is very dangerous. It is complex to treat and has a poor outcome once it ruptures. More than 95% of abdominal aortic aneurysms are located below the level of the renal artery and are easily treated surgically.
I. Etiology.
1.The role of atherosclerosis
2, defects in the structure of the abdominal aorta itself
3.The role of genetic factors
4.The role of enzyme chemistry
5.Risk factors
2.Typing.
1.Thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm: abdominal aortic aneurysm located above the level of the renal artery
2.Abdominal aortic aneurysm: abdominal aortic aneurysm located below the level of renal artery
Third, clinical manifestations.
1.Pain: It is the more common clinical symptom of abdominal aortic aneurysm, about 1/3 of the patients show pain.
2, compression symptoms: with the continuous expansion of the aneurysm, it can be compressed.
3, embolic symptoms: once the thrombus of the abdominal aortic aneurysm has dislodged and become an embolus, it will embolize the organ or limb of its blood supply and cause the corresponding acute ischemic symptoms.
4. Pulsating abdominal mass: It is the most common and important sign of abdominal aortic aneurysm. Patients feel a throbbing sensation in the heart fossa or around the umbilicus.
5. Rupture symptoms: It is an extremely dangerous surgical emergency. The mortality rate is as high as 50%~80%.
IV. Examination.
1. Laboratory tests: platelet count (PLT), coagulation factors, fibrinogen
2, imaging: abdominal frontal and lateral films
3, abdominal aortogram: the most reliable and accurate method
4.B ultrasound, CT and magnetic resonance examination: ultrasound as the first choice for abdominal aortic aneurysm
V. Treatment.
1.Surgical treatment: Aneurysm excision artificial vessel grafting
2.Aneurysm excision artificial vessel embedding graft
3.Conservative treatment
Interventional treatment: stent-type artificial vessel grafting
Sixth, health guidance.
1. Quit smoking and alcohol.
2, appropriate activities to facilitate the recovery of cardiopulmonary function.
3, keep a happy mood.
4.Take medication on time to control blood pressure.
5.Prevent constipation and avoid increase in abdominal pressure.