Birth palsy, also known as birth brachial plexus injury, is a pulling injury to one or both brachial plexus nerves of the fetus due to head and shoulder separation violence during delivery. In the last 20 years or so, with the development of microsurgical techniques, the treatment of birth palsy has developed considerably, thus establishing the value of early surgery in the treatment of birth palsy. The risk factors for the development of birth palsy are forceps assisted delivery, huge babies, large pre-pregnancy body mass index, difficult shoulder birth, and breech birth. The current typology of birth palsy is divided into three types: upper trunk, upper middle trunk and total brachial plexus injury, or Narakas’ classification, which divides birth palsy into four types. After diagnosis, the parents are taught to give the child functional exercises to preserve the function of the injured limb joints, so that the joints can have full mobility after the nerve is restored. At the same time, nerve-nourishing drugs are given, and electrical stimulation can be done to promote nerve recovery. Generally, if the child does not recover the function of flexion of the elbow by 3 months, surgery can be considered, and nerve grafting and nerve transposition surgery can be performed at the same time. Our hospital has performed more than 100 cases of this type of surgery with satisfactory results, and the results are much better than those of children who were treated conservatively during the same period. The sequelae of birth palsy are gradually decreasing and becoming simpler with surgical treatment. The sequelae that are not treated surgically and those that also arise after surgery can be appropriately reconstructed to improve the patient’s quality of life.