Surgical access for brainstem lesions

  The tumor was located in the dorsal pontocerebrum, the base of the fourth ventricle, the dorsal medulla oblongata and the posterior part of the cervicobulbar junction, and we preferred to use a suboccipital approach with the patient in the prone position.  The tumor was located in the parietal region of the midbrain, using the superior inferior cerebellar curtain approach, and we also used the prone position.  The lesion is located in the posterior lateral pontocerebellum, lateral midfoot of the cerebellum and the pontocerebellar horn and can be reached through a posterior sigmoid sinus approach. The distal lateral approach can reach the anterolateral aspect of the brainstem and is used for lesions located in the inferior lateral pontine and anterolateral medulla. We use the lateral prone position for these two accesses.  The infratemporal approach provides access to the lateral aspect of the midbrain. The orbitozygomatic approach provides access to the anterior pontocerebrum, the interpeduncular pool and pontocerebellar mesencephalic junction, and the lateral midbrain. These accesses can be combined with anterior rock resection to manage lesions more inferior to the ventral aspect of the pontocerebrum.