Trigeminal neuralgia develops mostly at the age of 50 to 70 years old and is characterized by unilateral facial electric shock-like or knife-like pain, which can be triggered by a slight touch on the face, and the pain comes and stops abruptly, lasting for a few seconds to tens of seconds, and can be relieved naturally after the attack, lasting for months or even years. There are two types of trigeminal neuralgia, primary and secondary. Secondary refers to pain caused by tumors and other factors that irritate the trigeminal nerve and often requires surgery. In contrast, most patients have primary cases, where no lesions are found in the brain. Present-day research has found that primary trigeminal neuralgia is due to atherosclerosis that displaces or lengthens the cerebral arteries accordingly, producing pulsatile compression of the trigeminal nerve in the brain and generating pain. In the early stage, drug treatment such as carbamazepine can be carried out, but long-term use of this drug gradually decreases the efficacy, the dose gradually increases, and even becomes ineffective, and side effects such as drowsiness, vertigo, liver function damage and leukopenia can occur. There are various methods of surgical treatment for trigeminal neuralgia. Some traditional destructive surgeries are less frequently used due to the high risk and recurrence rate, bringing about functional damage such as facial numbness and corneal ulceration. At present, for the etiology of vascular compression, the best internationally recognized treatment for patients who have failed medication or have excessive side effects is trigeminal nerve microvascular decompression (MVD), in which the small vessels compressing the trigeminal nerve root are isolated with isolated buffer under a microscope, and the pain can completely disappear in more than 95% of patients after surgery, with few recurrences. Minimally invasive, with little bleeding, and generally without bringing about functional damage such as facial numbness and corneal ulcers, it has become the most prominent means of treating primary trigeminal neuralgia internationally. For trigeminal neuralgia that is ineffective after surgical treatment, elderly patients and patients with important organ functional impairment that cannot tolerate surgery, stereotactic radiosurgery is also an option.