The iris is the part of the eye that determines the color of the eye. Inflammation of the iris can occur when bacteria, viruses, foreign bodies, chemicals, etc. enter the eye directly due to eye trauma or due to systemic diseases such as tuberculosis, leprosy, rheumatism, or leptospirosis. Iris inflammation alone is less common and is usually a complication of inflammation of the iris that affects the ciliary body. Iriditis is also known as iridocyclitis or anterior uveitis. What are the symptoms associated with iritis? What are the external signs of iritis? Symptoms of iritis: Pain, photophobia, lacrimation, and decreased vision are the main features of the disease. The pain is caused by toxic stimulation of the trigeminal nerve in the iridociliary body, contraction of the ciliary muscle and compression of the swollen tissue, which can be reflected to the brow arch and cheek. The ciliary body is stimulated by inflammation and reflex spasm occurs, resulting in pseudomyopia. In short, any unexplained redness, discomfort, or loss of vision in the eye, no matter how mild the symptoms, should be seen by an ophthalmologist promptly. External signs of iritis: Ciliary congestion: marked ciliary congestion and, in severe cases, mixed congestion and conjunctival edema may develop. Posterior corneal deposits: atrial aqueous swelling inflammatory cells and pigments due to the temperature difference between the back of the cornea and the iris surface, with the centrifugal force of anterior atrial aqueous convection and the influence of gravity adhering to the rough corneal endothelium after inflammation, i.e., posterior corneal deposits, which are mostly deposited in the lower part of the corneal center in a triangular distribution with the tip toward the pupil area, with large particles on the bottom and small particles on the top. The KP is a chronic inflammatory disease that is characterized by a large grayish-white lambda-like KP; small gray dusty KP is seen in acute or allergic granulomatous disorders, and individual normal people can also see white KP without the manifestation of iritis, which is physiological KP, so it should be combined with other clinical signs to identify and confirm the diagnosis. The atrial fluid is cloudy: because of the increased protein content in the atrial fluid due to inflammation, the atrial fluid becomes cloudy, and under the slit lamp the atrial fluid shows a pale reflective reflective band called Tyndall’s sign, which is a sign of active inflammation, and in severe cases, fibrinous and purulent exudate may appear, which is deposited in the lower part of the anterior chamber due to gravity, showing a plane of fluid that is the anterior chamber pus. The iris texture is unclear: in iriditis, the iris vasodilatation is followed by edema infiltration, darkening, and the iris surface texture is unclear. In granulomatous iridocyclitis, iris nodules can be seen, both deep and superficial, and the deep ones are located at the pupil margin in small translucent gray clusters called koeppew nodules, mostly in the early stages of subacute or chronic inflammation, with varying numbers, which can disappear within a few days. Mostly in the vicinity of the iris convoluted wheel, so Busacca nodules, this nodule can disappear quickly, occasionally can form aging and neovascularization, when the inflammation is repeated, the iris undergoes atrophy, its surface forms mechanized film and neovascularization, is the iris repair state. Pupillary narrowing: In the early stages of iris inflammation, the pupil shrinks and becomes unresponsive to light due to iris congestion and edema, cellular infiltration, and the simultaneous contraction of the pupillary sphincter and open muscle stimulated by exudate toxins. Vitreous clouding: The ciliary body and vitreous body are adjacent to each other, and fine dust and flocculent exudates from iridocyclitis can invade the posterior cavity of the crystal and the anterior vitreous body, clouding them. Iridocyclitis is not difficult to treat if it is seen in a timely manner. However, failure to seek medical attention because the symptoms are mild can result in a variety of complications. A large number of white cells can accumulate in the atrial fluid, blocking its flow out of the eye and causing acute glaucoma. Acute glaucoma can also occur when the back of the inflamed iris sticks to the front of the lens, blocking the atrial aqueous behind the iris. Long-term iritis can also lead to cataracts. Therefore, it is important to seek prompt medical attention if you find iritis to avoid delaying the condition.