Recently, Zhang Rufang, director of the Department of Thoracic Surgery, successfully performed a pulmonary artery transplant for a child with tetralogy of Fallot combined with pulmonary atresia type IV, and the child has now recovered and been discharged from the hospital. Xin Xin (a pseudonym) is a 6-year-old girl from Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, who was diagnosed with tetralogy of Fallot combined with pulmonary atresia when she was a child, and her parents took the child to many hospitals in Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Shanghai. As she grew older, Xin Xin’s physical condition became worse and worse, and she had to squat down to rest after a few steps, not to mention climbing stairs. The local doctor told Xin Xin’s parents that without treatment, the child’s heart might stop beating at any time, and after a referral, Xin Xin’s family found our director, Zhang Rufang, hoping that Zhang could save the child’s life. After careful examination, the director combined his years of clinical experience and diagnosed Xin Xin with the possibility of surgery. During the surgery, Director Zhang searched for the blood vessels from the child’s thoracic aorta to the lungs and found a total of three vessels, then merged the three vessels into one vessel, then connected the merged vessel to the transplanted vessel, and finally docked it with the right ventricle of the heart. Director Zhang said that the key to the surgery is to find the blood vessel that emanates from the aorta into the lung, aggregate it to the graft vessel, and then dock it with the right ventricle so that a new circulation can be formed. Director Zhang said that there is a great risk of surgery, Xin Xin in the operation due to pulmonary hypertension, the chest cavity simply can not be closed, until 24 hours after the operation, after medication, with a significant drop in pulmonary hypertension, before the successful closure of the chest cavity, while evacuating the ventilator, at this time Xin Xin can breathe on his own. Pulmonary atresia is a relatively rare cardiac malformation. The basic feature of this malformation is that the pulmonary artery is completely atretic, with no direct luminal connection between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery; in such patients, the pulmonary artery coaptation is often hypoplastic or even completely atretic or absent, and the pulmonary blood supply comes from extracardiac blood flow, most commonly through an arterial catheter or a collateral artery of the main pulmonary artery that connects the body and pulmonary circulations, and is One of the challenges facing cardiac surgeons today. Director Zhang said that the best time to treat this disease is generally during infancy (within 1 year of age), and there are many children who were previously not eligible for treatment who are currently missing out on the best treatment. The success of Xin’s surgery also offers the possibility of surgery for this type of child. At the same time, Director Zhang also reminded parents with this type of disease to help their children get treatment as soon as possible, because the older the child is, the less chance of surgery will be about. It is reported that our Thoracic Surgery Department has previously successfully reconstructed the pulmonary artery for a 9-month-old child using an allogeneic large vessel graft, and the child recovered quickly after the surgery.