The aorta is the thickest artery in the body. It emanates from the heart and is called the thoracic aorta in the chest and the abdominal aorta when it reaches the abdomen. The aorta is like a rolled-up onion pancake, and this “onion pancake” is composed of three layers of tissue that fit together, called the intima, mesima and epima. The so-called intercalated aneurysm is caused by various pathological factors that lead to damage to the inner and middle membranes of the aorta and become weak, on this basis, the high speed and high pressure blood flow tears a gap between the weak inner and middle membranes, causing the separation of the middle membrane and the appearance of a gap into which the high speed and high pressure arterial blood pours and continuously impacts downward, causing the inner and middle membranes to further peel off from the outer membrane, and the gap continuously expands and expands, and along the aorta The wall expands distally and proximally, especially distally, and can involve the entire length of the thoracic aorta or even the entire aorta, as well as the many branch arteries from which they emanate. If the original aortic lumen is called the true lumen, the lumen formed by the separation of the intima is the false lumen, and the intima between the true and false lumen is called the “interstitial lamina”. Because the pseudolumen is “aneurysm-like” and enlarged, the disease is named “interstitial aneurysm”, which has the title of “aneurysm” but is actually different from what we usually call “tumor”. Although it has the title of “tumor”, it is actually very different from what we usually call “tumor”. A tumor is an abnormal proliferation of cells, often malignant, such as cancer, while a clogged aneurysm is the result of an abnormal expansion of an artery, which is neither malignant nor benign, but its rupture is more dangerous and fatal than any tumor. Hypertension is the cause of clogged aneurysm Clogged aneurysm is mainly found in middle-aged and elderly people aged 45-60 years old, with the ratio of male to female being about 3:1. The causes are very complicated, including hypertension, atherosclerosis, trauma, inflammation, genetic abnormalities, etc. Among them, hypertension and atherosclerosis are the most important, and they are the causes of most middle-aged and elderly patients. According to statistics, 80% to 90% of patients with coarctation aneurysms have hypertension in combination, and generally have a history of hypertension for 10 to 15 years at the time of onset. We know that the age of onset of hypertension is mostly 40 to 45 years old, and after more than 10 years, these hypertensive patients enter the age group in which clogged aneurysms are more likely to occur. Hypertension is mainly manifested as elevated blood pressure in the body circulation, i.e., increased impact of blood on the arterial wall, which can cause complications in a variety of organs and seriously threaten human health, of which the general public is more familiar with complications in the heart, brain, and kidney, while the awareness of hypertension damaging the aorta is very low. It has been confirmed that hypertension promotes degenerative changes in the aorta of middle-aged and elderly people, which may be due to the fact that hypertension puts the aorta in a long-term stressful state and, over time, causes degeneration of the mesenteric tissues, including the reduction of elastic fibers, rupture and smooth muscle cells, which reduces the adhesion between the layers of the arterial wall and causes and accelerates the formation of a coarctation aneurysm. At the same time, the incidence of aortic atherosclerosis in middle-aged and elderly people can be more than 90%, and the occurrence and development of aortic atherosclerosis will be further promoted when blood pressure continues to rise, while severe atherosclerotic plaques will aggravate the degeneration and destruction of the aortic mesentery. On the basis of aortic degeneration, high-pressure blood flow continuously impinges on the arterial wall, eventually leading to tearing of the intima and intima and the formation of a coarctation aneurysm. The main cause for Zhu Gang and Hyman to develop a coarctation aneurysm is a genetic abnormality, Heti Marfan’s syndrome. Due to abnormal connective tissue metabolism, patients often exhibit tall stature, overgrown limbs, lax joint ligaments, and dislocated eye crystals, and by young adulthood, they are prone to developing a coarctation aneurysm. For professional athletes with Marfan’s syndrome, the prolonged high blood pressure brought about by prolonged intense training and competition also objectively promotes the formation and rupture of a coarctation aneurysm. Thus, it can be said that hypertension plays the most direct pathogenic role in the development of most clinically induced aneurysms, and that clinically induced aneurysms are a little-known sword of hypertension that harms humans. Hypertension is known as the world’s most common cardiovascular disease and one of the largest epidemics, with a prevalence rate of 15% to 20% in Europe and the United States, and the position of ruptured coarctation aneurysms in the spectrum of fatal diseases has also hit a “new high”. With the rapid change in the diet structure of our population, the increase in competitive pressure, the acceleration of the pace of life and the reduction in exercise, the incidence of hypertension has increased significantly, reaching 10%, with 120 million patients, and continues to grow at a rate of more than 3 million new cases per year. According to the report, the incidence of hypertension in China shows two characteristics: first, a rising trend of youth, and second, an increase in patients with unstable hypertension. This makes it easier to lead to the occurrence of a coarctation aneurysm. This is the main reason why the incidence of clinically induced aneurysms in China has increased significantly. Manifestations and dangers of a clogged aneurysm Chest and back pain: 90% of patients experience sudden onset of severe pain in the precordial region, thoracic back, low back or abdomen during the acute onset of a clogged aneurysm of the aorta (intimal tear). The pain often occurs with certain sudden movements, such as lifting heavy objects, playing basketball and during abnormal excitement, and can even be triggered by yawning, coughing and straining to defecate. The pain is knife-like or tear-like, intense, and radiates distally from the back of the sternum or chest along the aorta. If the patient survives the acute phase, the chest and back pain may gradually disappear or turn into vague pain after a few days. Hypertension: Hypertension is the most common sign in patients with aortic coarctation aneurysms. First, most patients with the disease themselves have an underlying hypertension, and second, the formation of a coarctation aneurysm can in turn further increase the level of blood pressure. Rupture of a coarctation aneurysm: The main danger of a coarctation aneurysm is rupture and hemorrhage. About half of the patients die from rupture during the acute phase of the disease, and those who survive the acute phase and enter the chronic phase often die from coarctation aneurysm rupture, therefore, coarctation aneurysm is often called “untimely bomb” in human body. The aorta is the main artery that carries blood from the heart to the whole body, and its blood flow is abnormally fast and furious. A collapse of a thousand miles, the consequences are unimaginable, the chances of successful resuscitation are very small, and may die of hemorrhagic shock in a few minutes. Ischemia and compression manifestations: The aorta is the main artery that carries blood from the heart to the whole body. When a coarctation aneurysm occurs, it often affects the blood supply of the aortic branch vessels, including the brain, heart, intestines, kidneys and limbs, which can cause ischemia, dysfunction and even functional failure of these organs. Commonly, these include cerebral infarction, heart attack, abdominal pain, blood in the stool, oliguria, limb pulselessness, weak or painful pulse, etc. In addition, the aneurysm and hematoma may also compress adjacent organs and cause corresponding compression symptoms, such as hoarseness, dyspnea, and asthma. How to treat a coarctation aneurysm? To date, there is no effective drug for the treatment of a coarctation aneurysm, and surgery is the only effective method to prevent the rupture of a coarctation aneurysm. In the late 1950s, artificial blood vessels were introduced and an effective traditional surgical method, artificial vessel replacement, was gradually developed. Artificial vessel replacement is quite complicated, traumatic, bleeding, slow to recover, and has more complications. Moreover, prolonged blockage of the aorta has direct adverse effects on important organs such as the heart, lungs, brain and kidneys, and is prone to a variety of postoperative complications such as myocardial infarction, renal failure and paraplegia. Many patients were lost to treatment because they could not tolerate the procedure. In the 1990s, Parodi, an Argentine vascular surgeon, pioneered the minimally invasive treatment technique for aneurysms, endoluminal isolation, which has gained rapid development in Western developed countries. Professor Jing Zaiping of the Department of Vascular Surgery of Changhai Hospital of the Second Military Medical University and the National Institute of Vascular Surgery in China successfully performed the first domestic case of intracavitary isolation of abdominal aortic aneurysm in 1997, and on this basis, the first domestic case of intracavitary isolation of clotted aneurysm was successfully performed in 1998, and a large number of patients have been successfully treated so far. Since a coarctation aneurysm is not a tumor, its treatment is aimed at preventing rupture without removing the diseased vessel. Under X-ray fluoroscopic surveillance, a catheter containing an artificial vessel of appropriate size is introduced through the femoral artery and released from the catheter after reaching the aortic lesion, and the artificial vessel with a nickel-titanium alloy stent will automatically open up. The artificial blood vessel with a nickel-titanium alloy stent will automatically open up, firmly fixed to the inner wall of the aorta, and completely close the fissure, which is like a strong shield to block the high speed and high pressure blood flow, eliminating the risk of aneurysm rupture. This is also known as “isolation”. The residual “resting” blood in the false lumen will gradually thrombose and eventually mechanize into a scar. ”Intracavitary isolation” is a “minimally invasive” procedure, which is done only through small incisions and fluoroscopy, and does not require a major chest and abdomen opening, resulting in less trauma, shorter operation time, and at the same time, blood transfusion is greatly reduced, and many patients can even avoid blood transfusion. The aorta is not blocked for a long time, and the interference with the internal organs is minimized. Many patients can eat on the night of surgery and can get out of bed the next day, and the complication rate and mortality rate are significantly reduced, so that many patients who cannot tolerate traditional surgery or can only wait due to many complications of traditional surgery can receive simple and effective treatment.