An aortic coarctation aneurysm, also known as aortic dissection or intermural aneurysm, is a rupture of the aortic intima due to a variety of reasons. The pressure of blood passing between the intima and the middle and outer layers of the aorta results in longitudinal dissection of the large vessel to form a double-barreled aorta, or aneurysmal dilatation of the aorta. In a small number of patients, there may be no rupture of the intima but rather bleeding from the middle layer, resulting in the formation of a coarctation. There are many causes of aortic dissection, including atherosclerosis, hypertension, cystic necrosis of the middle layer of the artery, Marfan’s syndrome, aortic narrowing, aortitis, trauma, and syphilis. With the exception of injury, the pathology is based on changes in the middle layer of the aorta and smooth muscle. In clinical cases, hypertension is the mainstay in western countries, and it was previously believed that most of the domestic cases were congenital middle layer dysplasia, such as Marfan’s syndrome (a congenital hereditary disease in which the patient has a slender figure and has a certain advantage in engaging in sports, and often dies from ruptured aneurysms in his youth, which is also known as the “athlete’s killer”). However, in recent years, the proportion of patients with atherosclerosis and hypertension has gradually increased. The pathological process of the onset of a laminated aneurysm is characterized by tearing of the arterial lining, stripping of the arterial wall, and spreading of the hematoma from the middle of the arterial wall to the whole layer. Tears in the intima-media are most commonly seen in the proximal portion of the ascending aorta and the beginning of the descending aorta, i.e., distal to the opening of the left subclavian artery. The long axis of the tear is often perpendicular to the long axis of the aorta. Once the intima is torn, the extent of the dissection gradually increases due to the collateral and retrograde impact of blood flow, which is more dangerous in hypertensive patients. The spread of the wall stripping hematoma tends to develop between the inner and outer 1/3 of the intima and the middle layer, so that the intima is torn as deep as the middle layer and often stops at the middle 1/3 of the layer, and the entrapment hematoma spreads collaterally or retrogradely, and it may rupture into the thorax and pericardium leading to sudden death or death from pericardial tamponade, or rupture into the A second opening in the aorta can occur, creating a pseudo-luminal flow path in the aorta. Aortic coarctation aneurysms can be classified as acute or chronic coarctation aneurysms according to the urgency of onset. Those that develop within 2 weeks of the onset of the disease are called acute coarctation aneurysms, while those that do not have a history of acute disease or that develop more than 2 weeks after the onset of the disease are classified as chronic coarctation aneurysms. The aorta originates from the aortic ring and runs posteriorly along the spine. The ascending aorta is called the ascending aorta, the right innominate artery branch runs transversely to the subclavian artery, which is called the aortic arch, and thereafter the descending aorta is called the descending aorta along the left side of the spine. The head and carotid arteries, which are important branches of the aortic arch, supply blood flow to the two upper limbs and the cranial brain, and are divided into the right and left arches by the innominate artery and the left subclavian artery. The descending aorta has several branches and supplies blood to the spinal cord. The abdominal aorta is the branching backbone of the blood supply to many abdominal organs, such as the right and left renal arteries, the liver, the spleen, and the superior mesenteric artery. Knowledge of the aortic anatomy is extremely important in recognizing and understanding the treatment options for a coarctation aneurysm. There are two common classifications of coarctation aneurysms according to the location of the intimal tear, which was classified into three types by DeBakey in 1955. type I intimal tear is located in the ascending aorta or arch, and the dissection extends to the arch and descending aorta up to the iliac arteries, which includes a breach in the left arch and retrograde dissection of the intima to the ascending aorta. type II intimal tear is the same as that of type I, and the dissecting hematoma is confined to the ascending and descending aorta. Type III is located in the isthmus of the aorta. Type III is located in the isthmus of the aorta, distal to the left subclavian artery, and according to whether or not the entrapment involves the abdominal aorta under the diaphragm, it is divided into IIIa and IIIb. Miller et al. classified the entrapment aneurysms into Stanford A and B according to the need for surgery in clinical practice. Type A includes DeBekay I, II, and those whose rupture is located in the left arch and retrogradely dissected to the ascending aorta; type B refers to those whose endotearment is located in the left arch and retrogradely dissection to the ascending aorta. Type A includes DeBekay type I and II and those with rupture located in the left arch and retrograde dissection to the ascending aorta; type B refers to those with intimal tear located in the isthmus of the aortic arch and spreading to the thoracic aorta.