Spring is our favorite season because of its sunny and pleasant climate, but pollen and ultraviolet rays are important triggers for skin diseases, so it is also the season for skin allergic diseases.
The high incidence of the season, improperly handled, can also cause more skin problems, such as hormone-dependent dermatitis. So while enjoying spring, we should also pay attention to protecting our
skin. Combined with the most recently consulted questions, this article will introduce several of the most common spring allergic skin diseases, I hope it will be of some help to you!
Several common allergic skin diseases in spring
A. Seasonal facial dermatitis
It is a kind of dermatitis that occurs in spring and is caused by pollen. Most often seen in women.
1. Symptoms: mild erythema, papules, swelling on the face and neck, with itching, severe oozing, later mild hypertrophy of the skin, with flaking.
2. Characteristics: It occurs in the spring and recurs every year, and can subside on its own after the spring. Some people are accompanied by allergic rhinitis or asthma, etc.
3. Etiology: pollen in the air. Allergens can be checked to clarify.
4.Differentiation: It needs to be differentiated from cosmetic dermatitis and solar dermatitis.
5.Treatment.
(1) Attention should be paid to skin cleaning and moisturizing;
(2) Symptomatic anti-allergy treatment;
(3) such as long-term recurrence, more serious, it is best to check the allergen, targeted desensitization treatment.
Second, solar dermatitis
It is a common disease of allergy to ultraviolet rays in sunlight, which occurs in spring and early summer.
1, symptoms: erythema, papules, blisters or skin hypertrophy, conscious itching.
2.Characteristics: mainly distributed on exposed areas such as face, neck and back of hands, usually appearing a few hours or days after sun exposure.
3.Etiology: UV rays in sunlight. Photosensitivity test or patch test can be done to clarify.
4. Differentiation: Pay attention to differentiation from contact dermatitis and lupus erythematosus.
5.Treatment.
(1) Sun protection;
(2) Symptomatic anti-inflammatory treatment;
(3) Oral anti-photosensitization with hydroxyquinoline sulfate can be taken;
(4) Try to avoid eating photosensitive food or drugs, such as toon, parsley, celery, yellow mud snail, prawn, sulfonamide, tetracycline drugs, etc.
Three, cosmetic dermatitis
It is a skin disease caused by cosmetic irritation or allergy.
1, symptoms: the appearance of erythema, papules, severe blisters, oozing, conscious itching.
2. Characteristics: Commonly found on the parts of the face where cosmetics are used, relieved by discontinuation of use, and recurring with reuse.
3. Etiology: allergic to some ingredients in cosmetics, such as cinnamaldehyde, benzyl alcohol, lavender oil, ylang-ylang oil, pigments, fragrance, etc. If necessary, patch test can be done to clarify the allergen.
4.Differentiation: It can be distinguished from other allergic dermatitis based on a clear history of cosmetic exposure.
5.Treatment.
(1) Stop using and promptly remove allergy-causing cosmetic residues from the skin;
(2) Anti-allergic treatment;
(3) Medical skin care products suitable for sensitive skin can be used.
Fourth, hormone-dependent dermatitis
It is often caused by inappropriate long-term topical use of hormones for skin diseases, because the symptoms are similar to drug addiction, and dermatitis is repeatedly aggravated after stopping use, also known as hormone addiction dermatitis, hormone withdrawal dermatitis.
1. Symptoms: Skin appears obvious bright red spots, smooth surface, thinning, capillary dilatation, dryness and flaking. The symptoms are aggravated by heat.
2.Characteristics: Most commonly found on the face, most have tingling, burning and itching sensations.
3, etiology: long-term repeated topical application of hormones ≥ 1 month. Special caution: Some irregular face masks or skin care products contain hormones, and these products are characterized by fantastic short-term effects.
4, Identification: need to identify with perioral dermatitis, hormone allergy and relapse of the primary skin disease off medication.
5.Treatment.
(1) Stop using all topical hormones;
(2) moisturizing: increase the moisture in the stratum corneum, restore the skin barrier;
(3) anti-inflammatory: topical immunomodulators, such as tacrolimus ointment, pimecrolimus ointment, oral antihistamines, such as loratadine tablets or epalrestin tablets.
(4) If secondary infection occurs, antibiotics need to be used at the same time.
V. Urticaria
It is a common allergic skin disease that manifests as a wind cluster, commonly known as “rash block”.
1. Symptoms: Itchy and itchy, and the clumps can fade away within 24 hours, but appear repeatedly in batches.
2. Characteristics: Pollen-induced urticaria, which occurs more often in spring.
3.Etiology: The cause is complex, among which pollen and dust mites in the air are important triggers.
4.Differentiation: pay attention to differentiate from urticarial vasculitis and papular urticaria
5.Treatment.
(1) Remove possible triggers, long-term recurrence, it is best to check the allergens, targeted avoidance or desensitization treatment;
(2) oral antihistamines;
(3) use hormones or immunosuppressants if necessary in severe cases.
Sixth, papular urticaria (insect bite dermatitis)
It is an allergic skin disease caused by insect bites on the skin, also known as insect bite dermatitis, simple itchy rash. Spring and autumn are common.
1, symptoms: local redness and swelling, often in the shape of a pike, the surface can appear blisters and blisters, the center of the lesion sometimes visible bite traces. Self-perceived itching, sometimes with stinging, burning pain.
2, characteristics: although adults can also occur, but most commonly in children, and more heavy.
3, etiology: often caused by mosquitoes, lacewings, midges, gnats, bedbugs, fleas, lice, mites and other insect bites.
4, identification: pay attention to and hives to distinguish.
5, treatment.
(1) pay attention to personal and environmental hygiene, for patients prone to the disease, in the spring and autumn, as little as possible to the flowers and plants in places;
(2) Generally can be used topically furnace glycerin lotion, hormone ointment, combined with infection can be given antibacterial.
(3) If there are systemic symptoms, antihistamines can be used, and if very serious, hormone therapy can be used if necessary.
Prevention of skin allergy in spring
1. Diet: People who are prone to allergies should pay more attention to a balanced intake of diet and nutrition, drink more water, eat more fruits and vegetables, and eat less spicy, greasy and sweet food. Try to avoid eating foods and drugs that have photosensitive effects. You should also pay attention to regular life, adequate sleep, mental relaxation, do not stay up late.
2, skin care: skin moisturizing and sun protection is very important, be sure to choose the regular brand skin care products, if the skin is sensitive, do not change the skin care products too often, consider using medical skin care products, try not to use spots, wrinkle skin care products. Choose skin care products that do not contain strong fragrance and alcohol and other irritants. Avoid using irregular face masks or skin care products: these products often contain hormones, or lead and mercury are over the limit, and the effect is fantastic in the short term, but long-term use not only damages the skin, but may also be harmful to your health. Keep your skin clean, try not to wear makeup when your skin is sensitive, and remove your makeup to handle it cleanly and keep your face clean and fresh!
3, sun protection: go out should play umbrella, wear a hat, reasonable use of sunscreen; from the effect of certainly not go out the most sun protection, in the time of daylight is relatively strong should avoid going out, if you go out best to play umbrella or wear a sun hat, while the reasonable use of sunscreen, not only against medium-wave ultraviolet (UVB), but also against long-wave ultraviolet (UVA), especially solar dermatitis most of which is caused by UVA.
4, medication: facial medication should also be particularly careful, if dermatitis occurs, the need to use hormone ointment, should choose a weak hormone with few side effects, and must not be used for a long time, otherwise it may cause hormone-dependent dermatitis and other adverse reactions.
5, cosmetic adverse reactions: in the use, especially after changing to new skin care products or cosmetics, allergic symptoms, should immediately stop using, and remove the skin of the remaining cosmetics, available 3% boric acid solution or saline cold compress, if necessary, anti-allergy treatment. During this period, do not wash your face with too hot water to avoid stimulating your skin. In order to avoid allergy to the cosmetics or skin care products, you can swab the inside of the forearm or behind the ear before use, and use only when there is no adverse reaction within 48 hours.
6, allergen detection and desensitization: for long-term recurrence, the cause of allergy is not clear, you can consider checking the allergen, clearly targeted to avoid, if necessary, desensitization treatment, but the desensitization process is very long, generally at least 3-6 months to see results, most need to adhere to 2-3 years. For mild, occasional, and short-onset cases, desensitization therapy is not necessary.
Commonly used methods for treating skin allergies.
1.Mild skin allergy: If there is only mild erythema, a small amount of fine scales, no obvious edema and itching is not obvious, you only need to try to avoid the triggering factors, while using medical skin care products of moisturizing and soothing series products, you can do without drugs.
2, moderate skin allergy: erythema, papules, edema, with obvious itching, can be short-term use of hormone ointment, such as hydrocortisone butyrate ointment, dextran ointment or mometasone furoate cream, but the best continuous use of no more than 2 weeks, and should gradually reduce the amount of drug discontinuation after the condition improves. If recurring for a long time, topical immunomodulators such as 0.03% tacrolimus ointment or pimecrolimus ointment are preferable. You can take oral antihistamines, such as cloratadine tablets or ibastine tablets, or you can use compound glycopyrrolate tablets.
3.Severe skin allergy: In addition to the moderate symptoms, blisters and yellow water also appear. Then you need to use 2% boric acid solution or saline cold compress, wet and wring out 4-6 layers of gauze, so as not to drip water, and put it on the red spots on the face, keep the gauze cold and wet when wet, 15-20 minutes each time, 2-3 days a day. After cold compress, use hormonal ointment or immunomodulator ointment for a short time (as before). If the general anti-allergic effect is not good and short-term systemic hormone use is needed, be sure to pay attention to the adverse drug reactions. If secondary infection occurs, oral or topical antibiotics are required.
4, the treatment of urticaria should be based on oral antihistamines, there is generally no need for topical medication.
5, papular urticaria (insect bite dermatitis) should be mainly topical medication, serious can be combined with oral medication.
Warm reminder: If the skin has been allergic, general skin care can not be solved, should be under the guidance of a professional doctor for treatment, do not use their own drugs.