Manifestations of bladder cancer.
A more obvious early symptom of bladder cancer is hematuria, and it occurs at a high rate. There are two types of hematuria, one is carnal hematuria and the other is microscopic hematuria. The first one is the visual hematuria, and the second one is the microscopic hematuria. Bladder cancer hematuria is mostly painless and intermittent, most of them are whole hematuria, a few of them are terminal hematuria, while hematuria with frequent and urgent urination is less common. The diagnosis of bladder cancer mainly relies on cystoscopy, which can directly see the size, shape, location, number and scope of tumor, and the accuracy rate of diagnosis by specialist can reach over 90%. Finding cancer cells in urine is also one of the diagnostic methods, and its positive rate can also reach 80%. In addition, B-ultrasound examination can help to understand the degree of tumor infiltration, and CT is also useful to judge the stage of tumor.
Treatment of bladder cancer.
Comprehensive treatment mainly based on surgery. For superficial bladder cancer, transurethral resection is performed. Or transurethral resection with intravesical infusion of BCG or chemotherapy drugs. For early stage cases, partial cystectomy with drug infusion or postoperative radiation therapy is performed. For advanced cases or multiple recurrences, total cystectomy or radical total cystectomy with urethral diversion is performed. Intravesical chemotherapy is suitable for superficial bladder cancer. After electrocautery, to prevent cancer recurrence, intravesical infusion of Bacille Calmette-Guérin or hydroxycamptothecin or pirarubicin is used. Method: Empty the bladder first, then inject the drug and keep it for at least 1 hour. Hematoporphyrin photosensitization therapy for bladder cancer can achieve certain effect.
Care of bladder cancer.
1. Psychological care: provide patients with information about tumor and emotional support. For patients with total cystectomy urethral diversion and reconstruction, the necessity of surgery should be explained, as well as the fact that if the diversion is handled properly, it will not affect daily life and work, so as to strengthen the confidence of treatment.
2. Start preparing the bowel 3 days before surgery for patients with urinary diversion. Change to a semi-liquid diet with less residue, and to a liquid diet 1 day before surgery. Streptomycin 1g twice daily and supplemented with vitamin K. Low-pressure saline enema daily and clean enema the night before surgery until the discharge is clarified.
3. Observe the condition closely after surgery to prevent and detect bleeding and shock at an early stage.
4, connect the wound drainage tube, cystostomy tube, ureteral drainage tube, and make a good mark, properly fixed to prevent displacement, fall into the body or dislodged, to clarify the direction and role of various tubes, do not connect the wrong, do not make the tube under pressure, twist, and keep unobstructed. The color, nature and amount of drainage fluid must be carefully observed. All kinds of tubes should be handled aseptically, and drainage bottles and bags should be replaced daily to prevent contamination and strictly enforce aseptic operation. The drainage bottle or bag should not be higher than the plane of the patient’s intubation, and if necessary, the drainage tube should be clamped first to prevent reflux infection. Record 24-hour in and out volume to determine renal function. For cystostomy tube prolapse within 3 days, contact the physician for proper and timely management.
Life precautions.
1. Keep the perineal area, especially the urethral socket, clean to prevent infection.
2, psychological guidance, help the patient to release tension, fear, disappointment and other bad mentality, guide them to forget about the disease, relaxed mood, better with a variety of treatment.
3.Drink more water and urinate regularly.
4.Quit smoking and alcohol.
5.Follow the doctor’s orders for regular review and insist on bladder perfusion chemotherapy.
Food therapy.
1, steamed peach gum: 10g of peach gum, ice sugar, add a little water, steamed for 20 minutes, no time to serve frequently.
2, adzuki beans 50g, chicken naijin research fine powder 15g. as the usual method of cooking adzuki beans for porridge, will be cooked, chicken naijin blend.
3, barley rice porridge: barley rice 75-100g, white sugar or brown sugar a little, first barley rice with water to cook porridge, cooked with white sugar or brown sugar blend, for breakfast or snack food.
4, silver fungus 20g water stew, 1 time a day.