Amblyopia clinical manifestations.
1, vision loss, severe amblyopia visual acuity is ≤ 0, 1, moderate 0, 2 ~ 0, 5, mild 0, 6 ~ 0, 8.
2.The resolution of the visual markers arranged in rows is 2~3 rows worse than that of single visual markers.
3. Often there is eye position deviation, some with nystagmus.
4, Squinting, frowning, or close to see things clearly, no sense of three-dimensionality, poor eye-hand coordination, eyes do not turn with people or objects, etc.
5. Poor eyesight, i.e., cannot see distant objects clearly, and cannot see the handwriting of books and newspapers clearly, and always bends the head toward the book when reading and writing, and the words are written in a crooked manner and cannot be corrected, which makes learning difficult.
6. When children use their eyes for a long time, they will have visual fatigue such as eye swelling, eye pain and headache.
Clinical manifestations of strabismus:
1, eye position skewed eye movement disorders
Diplopia is caused by the destruction of the fusion function, which results in diplopia, seeing one object as two objects, orientation and positioning disorders, dizziness, nausea, and unstable gait, and the symptoms are significantly reduced or disappear when one eye is masked.
3. compensatory head position The patient automatically tilts the head to one side, or lifts the chin upward or inward, or tilts the head toward the shoulder and turns the chin and face.
4.The second oblique angle of view is greater than the first oblique angle of view: the healthy eye is greatly deviated.
5. Monocular deviation can lead to amblyopia in the eye, which in turn can lead to strabismus.
Clinical manifestations of myopia
1. Blurred vision at distance, good vision at near;
2. Myopia often starts with fluctuations in distance vision and squinting when gazing at distant objects.
3. Exotropia or exotropia: Since no or less adjustment is used when looking at near, the pooling function is correspondingly weakened and the pooling used is correspondingly reduced.
4. In addition to poor distance vision, high myopia is often accompanied by poor night vision, flying mosquitoes, floating objects, flashing sensation and other symptoms
5. Changes in the fundus: arcuate spots, leopard-shaped fundus, vitreous liquefaction, clouding and posterior vitreous detachment.
Clinical manifestations of hyperopia.
1. Before the age of 6 years, low and moderate hyperopia are asymptomatic. High hyperopia is usually detected during physical examination, or is found in association with regulatory internal strabismus.
2. Adjusted internal strabismus is greater than proximal internal strabismus.
3. At the age of 6 to 12, the demand for near reading increases, especially at the age of about 10 when the reading volume increases and the reading font becomes smaller, and the symptoms of visual fatigue such as eye soreness and headache begin to appear.
4. Hyperopia is often accompanied by small eyes, shallow anterior chamber
Etiology of low vision in children
Congenital cataract or post-operative aphakic eye
Congenital nystagmus
Refractive error/amblyopia
congenital microphthalmia with small corneas
Primary optic nerve atrophy
Retinitis pigmentosa
Albinism
Clinical manifestations of patients with low vision
1. Visual acuity: visual acuity is significantly lower than normal.
2. Visual field: central or peripheral visual field damage.
3. Contrast sensitivity: Contrast sensitivity thresholds are significantly impaired in patients with low vision.
4. Dark adaptation: Poor dark adaptation. Due to damage to rod cells, patients with night blindness have better vision in brightly lit daytime, but have difficulty seeing in dark or dimly lit conditions.
5. Color vision impairment: Patients with low vision recognize colors only by the lightness or darkness of different colors, and thus often misidentify colors. Optic neuritis, cone cell degeneration can be manifested as red-green color vision disorder; retinal edema, subretinal fluid and glaucoma can be manifested as blue-yellow color vision disorder.
6. Binocular vision: Binocular visual insufficiency, general strabismus or congenital ophthalmoplegia patients do not have the ability to fuse.
Rehabilitation procedures for patients with low vision
The purpose of low vision rehabilitation is to take various effective measures to improve the visual function of patients with low vision and to reduce the impact of visual disability so that they can return to mainstream society.
1. Treatment of primary disease After correct diagnosis of eye disease is made through various examinations, refractive correction, medication or surgery should be given first to improve the visual function as much as possible, and children should also be actively treated with visual training and amblyopia.
2. The use of visual aids can enable patients to see clearly what they could not see or could not see. Past statistics show that more than 50% of patients with low vision can rely on visual aids to improve their vision, and this is often the last chance to improve the patient’s vision.
3. Training on the use of visual aids Before going through strict and scientific training, patients are not willing to accept the visual aids, so the focus of our work is: to introduce to patients the functions, advantages and disadvantages of various visual aids, and to match them with suitable visual aids and arrange the corresponding training on the use of skills.
4. Training of functional vision School-age children have an urgent need to learn life, learn knowledge and adapt to society, so training of functional vision is especially important. Training programs include: gaze training, visual awareness training, visual tracking training, orientation and activity training, etc.
5. Psychological rehabilitation The whole society should care and love the low vision patients, especially the family should give sympathy and help, and the society should accept them, let them learn the skills of survival, and arrange them to do some things they can do.