Snoring is divided into simple snoring and obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS). OSAHS refers to apnea and hypoventilation during sleep caused by repeated collapse and obstruction of the upper airway during sleep, accompanied by snoring, sleep structure disorders, frequent blood oxygen saturation, decreased daytime sleepiness and other symptoms. OSAHS can occur at any age, but has the highest incidence in middle-aged obese males. OSAHS has received increasing attention as a source disease for a variety of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, endocrine system diseases and pharyngeal diseases. The etiology of OSAHS is not fully understood, but current research indicates that the cause of the disease is mainly due to the following three factors. 1, the upper airway (upper airway) anatomical abnormalities lead to different degrees of airway narrowing. According to the different planes of obstruction and narrowing, there are three planes: (1). Nasal and nasopharyngeal stenosis, (2). Stenosis of the oropharyngeal cavity, and (3). Laryngopharyngeal and laryngeal cavity stenosis. 2. Abnormal muscle tone of upper airway dilator 3. Abnormal function of respiratory center regulation 4. Certain systemic factors and diseases can also induce the disease by affecting the above three factors, such as obesity, pregnancy, menopause, hypothyroidism, diabetes, etc. In addition, genetic factors can increase the chance of OSAHS by 2 to 4 times, and factors such as alcohol consumption and sleeping pills can aggravate the condition of OSAHS patients. OSAHS pathophysiology: Snoring and sleep apnea are the result of different degrees of narrowing and obstruction of the upper airway during sleep, and the obstruction of the airway mainly depends on the following three factors: (1) decreased excitability of the airway dilator muscle; (2) negative pressure level in the airway during inspiration; and (3) anatomical narrowing of the airway. The apnea period often ends with a short period of awakening, because the increased excitability of the airway wall muscles during awakening is sufficient to keep the airway open. The development of OSAHS is now increasingly recognized as a multifactorial cause. Also nasal diseases and anatomical abnormalities are receiving increasing attention. In addition to the exclusion and treatment of other factors that cause OSAHS, nasal disease should also be considered and treated. Nasal and nasopharyngeal stenosis: This includes all factors that can cause nasal and nasopharyngeal stenosis, such as nasal septal deviation, nasal polyps, turbinate hypertrophy, adenoid hypertrophy, etc. Among them, nasopharyngeal stenosis is more important in the development of OSAHS, while nasal stenosis is less important. The diagnosis of nasal disease and OSAHS: 1) Fiberoptic nasopharyngolaryngoscopy supplemented by Müller’s examination allows observation of the cross-sectional area of the upper airway and the structural causes of airway stenosis; Müller’s examination involves asking the patient to pinch the nose, close the mouth, and inhale forcefully to simulate the collapse of the pharyngeal cavity in a state of upper airway obstruction. The combination of the two is the most common means of assessing the site of upper airway obstruction. The catheter contains several pressure sensors on the surface of the catheter, which are located in the nasopharynx, supraglottis oropharynx, subglottis oropharynx, laryngopharynx, esophagus, etc. All sensors show consistent negative pressure changes during normal inspiration. If the obstruction occurs in one part of the airway, the sensors above the obstruction plane will have no pressure change, so the site of airway obstruction can be determined, which is considered the most accurate localization and diagnosis method. Cephalometric cephalometric radiographs are taken to evaluate bony airway stenosis. ④.Cranial CT and MRI can take three-dimensional structure of each plane of upper airway, clear and can calculate the cross-sectional area, mostly used for scientific research, but less used in clinical application. Treatment of nasal diseases and OSAHS: In addition to general treatment, such as weight loss and alcohol cessation, and treatment of systemic endocrine diseases, nasal diseases are mainly treated surgically. Several nasal diseases related to OSAHS and their treatment are described below. The best treatment is submucosal correction of the nasal septum, the classic method is submucosal resection of the nose septum, and nowadays, septal reconstruction is mostly used. At present, septal correction is usually performed under nasal endoscopy. The visual field is clear, the treatment is complete, and the surgery is less invasive. Second, nasal polyps nasal polyps are usually bilateral, unilateral is less common. According to the medical history, symptoms and examination, the diagnosis is not difficult. At present, the treatment of nasal polyps mainly uses the nasal endoscope + suction cutting power system. Premedication should be given at the same time. Pay attention to the postoperative review to prevent recurrence. Third, turbinate hypertrophy turbinate hypertrophy is divided into middle turbinate hypertrophy, and inferior turbinate hypertrophy, commonly for inferior turbinate hypertrophy, mainly due to chronic hypertrophic rhinitis. Depending on the location of the hypertrophy and whether the patient has bony hypertrophy, different surgical methods are chosen. For simple soft tissue hypertrophy, submucosal inferior turbinate injection, inferior turbinate inferior turbinate laser, radiofrequency and microwave therapy are used; for bony hypertrophy, submucosal inferior turbinate excision under nasal endoscopy and inferior turbinate fracture externalization are used. The partial excision of inferior turbinate has been gradually eliminated because of the large surgical trauma and the large number of turbinates removed after the operation, which can easily cause atrophic rhinitis. Adenoid hypertrophy is one of the most common causes of OSAHS in children. However, adenoidal hypertrophy is not uncommon in adults. If adenoid hypertrophy is present with nasal and ear symptoms, adenoidectomy should be performed as soon as possible. The procedure can be performed under surface or general anesthesia. Traditionally, adenoids are scraped or removed by placing an adenoid scraper or resector into the posterior wall of the nasopharyngeal apex. Currently, we use endoscopic direct vision adenoidectomy with an adenoidectomy tip. Endoscopic radiofrequency reduction can also be used, which has the advantage of operating under direct vision to avoid adjacent tissue damage, and radiofrequency technology has the function of hemostasis. V, other nasal diseases 1, rhinitis, sinusitis caused by increased secretions, mucosal swelling, obstruction of breathing. 2, nasal occupational lesions, obstructing breathing. The common ones are polyp in the posterior nostril of maxillary sinus, nasal inversion papilloma, nasal hemangioma, nasal malignant tumor, intranasal meningeal – brain expansion, etc. 3, nasopharyngeal diseases, nasopharyngeal inflammation and nasopharyngeal tumors, including nasopharyngeal fibrovascular tumors, nasopharyngeal cancer, etc.