Some time ago, a new pediatrician from a hospital in Zhangjiajie County was admitted to our department. At the beginning of the illness, the patient accidentally fell down from a 1-meter-high stone staircase, and only had pain in his arms, legs and buttocks at that time. Unexpectedly, by the evening began to babble and dance around, and half an hour later returned to normal. This uncontrollable and strange situation continued intermittently for about ten days, which scared the family. But the local hospital did not see any improvement, and it got worse. “How can a good daughter suddenly become crazy? Is it psychosis, encephalitis, epilepsy, or some other more serious disease?” Ms. Zhang brought her daughter to Hunan Provincial Brain Hospital for psychiatric consultation. After consultation with our department, the diagnosis of autoimmune encephalitis was made, and it was one of the more serious anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis after the improvement of relevant tests. And the patient’s abdominal CT-enhanced examination reported abdominal occupancy, and ovarian teratoma was considered. After active anti-immune treatment and stabilization, the gynecology department was requested to perform “right ovarian teratoma removal”. After the operation, the patient recovered well and was discharged from the hospital and returned to work. Autoimmune encephalitis refers to a group of encephalitis mediated by autoimmune mechanisms, including anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis, anti-GABABR antibody-related encephalitis, anti-LGI1 antibody-related encephalitis, etc. Its clinical manifestations are complex and varied, and most patients have symptoms similar to viral infections such as fever, headache, malaise, etc. before the onset of the disease. Therefore, it is easy to be misdiagnosed as schizophrenia or viral encephalitis. Patients with new-onset abnormal mental behavior and cognitive decline with seizures should be highly alert to autoimmune encephalitis, which has been a hot topic of research in the field of neurology in recent years, and as research progresses, the mystery of autoimmune encephalitis is slowly being lifted, and more and more patients with autoimmune encephalitis are receiving effective treatment, allowing patients to recover and be discharged to society and return to their The number of patients with autoimmune encephalitis is increasing, and they are being discharged from hospitals, returning to society and their jobs. If you find that a friend or relative has a mental disorder with a sudden onset, no obvious cause, and no other previous history of related illnesses, autoimmune encephalitis should be considered and prompt medical attention is recommended to confirm the diagnosis and treatment.