(Disclaimer: This article is for popularization purposes only. To protect the patient’s privacy, the information in the following content has been processed) Abstract: A 2-month-old baby girl presented to the hospital with symptoms of “coughing, phlegm ringing in the throat, accompanied by wheezing”. After completing the respiratory pathogen screening, it was suggested that there was respiratory syncytial virus infection, and pediatric capillary bronchiolitis was considered. After communicating with the parents, the child was given continuous positive airway pressure ventilation and medication, and her condition gradually improved. She was hospitalized for 7 days and was discharged from the hospital after being cured. Basic information】Female, 2 months 【Type of disease】Pediatric capillary bronchiolitis 【Hospitalization】 Jinan Children’s Hospital 【Time of consultation】June 2022 【Treatment plan】Continuous positive airway pressure ventilation + medication (inhalation Budesonide Suspension Solution, inhalation Salbutamol Sulfate Solution, Ambroxol Hydrochloride Oral Solution) 【Treatment period】Hospitalization for 7 days 【Results of treatment】Clinical symptoms disappeared and the patient was successfully discharged from the hospital. The child was clinically cured and successfully discharged from the hospital I. Initial interview The child, female, 2 months old, came to our hospital in June 2022 for consultation. Parents complained that the child was unwell due to the recent sudden drop in temperature. At first, she had a cough, which was a single cough that gradually worsened. She was given cough syrup orally at home, but the symptoms did not improve, but gradually worsened to paroxysmal coughing, with phlegm in the throat and wheezing. He was admitted to the emergency room of our hospital. The child had obvious cough and wheezing, shortness of breath, weakly positive triple concave sign, and wet rales and dense wheezing sounds were detected in both lungs on auscultation. Firstly, he was considered to have respiratory tract infection, and the bedside chest X-ray was completed in time, which showed thickening of the texture of both lungs. In light of the child’s age and disease, complete the respiratory pathogen screening, suggesting that the respiratory syncytial virus test was positive, and the diagnosis was pediatric capillary bronchiolitis. (Respiratory pathogen screening) II. Treatment After admission to the hospital, the child had symptoms of dyspnea, firstly, keep the airway open, and give continuous positive airway pressure ventilation to assist ventilation in a timely manner to provide airway pressure and oxygen concentration; secondly, give budesonide suspension for inhalation to reduce the inflammatory response of the airway, give albuterol sulfate solution for inhalation to alleviate the spasm of the airway and the hyperreactivity of the airway, and give aminobromine hydrochloride oral solution to Carry on the treatment of sputum, make the sputum thin and favorable for sputum discharge. Continuous electrocardiographic monitoring was given to closely observe the changes in the vital signs of the child, and nutritional support was given to strengthen feeding during the treatment period. After being admitted to the hospital, the child’s condition improved significantly after active continuous positive airway pressure ventilation and medication and other comprehensive treatment programs. On the 4th day of hospitalization, the child was successfully withdrawn from continuous positive airway pressure ventilation and then changed to oxygen therapy. After the disappearance of wheezing symptoms, the child discontinued the inhalation of salbutamol sulfate solution, with occasional single cough and no sputum ringing in the throat. All therapeutic drugs were discontinued after normalization of respiratory sounds in both lungs on auscultation. The total treatment course was 7 days and clinical cure was achieved, and the patient was discharged from the hospital. The parents were satisfied with the therapeutic effect. Note: We are glad that the child recovered after active treatment. Because of the child’s young age, home care after discharge is equally important. After discharge, parents should pay attention to the daily life adjustment, in the middle of two feedings, according to the specific situation of the child, can let the child supplement some water to avoid dehydration, and pay attention to avoid choking when feeding water. Pay attention to keep the living space within the environment clean, diligent ventilation, air change, keep the temperature and humidity appropriate, and avoid placing the child in the second-hand smoke and crowded environment, so as not to cause discomfort. Fifth, personal perception of pediatric capillary bronchitis is respiratory disease caused by respiratory syncytial virus infection, mostly seen in infants under 1 year old, especially infants under 6 months. Typical clinical manifestations are paroxysmal wheezing, cough, dyspnea, and feeding difficulties. Treatment is based on keeping the airway open, improving respiratory symptoms and symptomatic supportive therapy. If infants are found to have respiratory symptoms such as wheezing, they should seek prompt medical attention and timely treatment, especially for young infants, which may easily lead to respiratory failure, exacerbation and prolonged course of the disease if treatment is not timely.