Vertigo, commonly known as dizziness, is a very common condition that is often seen in otolaryngology or neurology. For people who suffer from vertigo frequently, they are anxious to know the causes of vertigo, the dangers of vertigo and how to treat it. However, vertigo attacks can take very diverse forms, from attacks that occur for a few seconds with a change in position, to sudden onset after a cold or viral infection, to recurrent attacks during exertion or mood swings, to appearing after trauma or the use of ototoxic drugs. The typical symptoms of vertigo are sudden spinning, feeling that the surrounding objects are spinning, swaying or jumping, accompanied by nausea, vomiting, and profuse sweating, with no aura during the attack, causing the patient to panic and lie in bed with eyes closed. Unsteady walking can also occur, and specific body positions can induce vertigo. Vertigo can occur alone or in combination with other conditions such as deafness, facial paralysis, and otitis media. These conditions cause great pain to patients and seriously affect work, life and school. There are many diseases that can cause vertigo, and vertigo caused by ear diseases accounts for a large part of them. The diagnosis of the cause of vertigo is made after a series of formal hearing and vestibular function tests and imaging tests (CT, MRI). Precisely because there are many causes that can cause vertigo and many symptoms accompanying vertigo overlap, even clinicians may not be able to distinguish between these causes, let alone patients with vertigo. For this reason, we introduce the concept of vertigo and several common types of vertigo. Vertigo is the illusion of movement of oneself or objects in the surroundings that occurs suddenly and without external stimuli, and can be a sense of rotation, ascent, descent or swaying. Balance disorder is a feeling of instability or repeated deflection when walking. Dizziness and lightheadedness refer to the feeling of discomfort in the head that cannot be clearly expressed, such as dizziness and a sense of confusion. Vertigo is usually caused by inner ear disease, in other words, otogenic, and should be seen in the ENT department. Vertigo can be a single episode (only one episode) or recurrent. Some diseases are accompanied by tinnitus and hearing loss, commonly known as Meniere’s disease, sudden deafness, traumatic vertigo, otosclerosis, chronic suppurative otitis media (cholesteatoma), auditory neuroma, Remsay Hunt syndrome (herpes zoster), etc. Other diseases do not have tinnitus and hearing loss, commonly known as benign paroxysmal positional vertigo, vestibular neuronitis, etc. Ototoxic drugs mostly cause balance disorders, sometimes accompanied by tinnitus and hearing loss. In general, balance disorders and dizziness and lightheadedness are mostly caused by neurological disorders, vascular disorders or systemic diseases, such as brainstem disorders, intracranial tumors, intracranial infections, cardiovascular disorders, postural hypotension, hypoglycemia, and thyroid dysfunction. From the above definitions, symptom characteristics and disease classification, it is easy to know that only vertigo is closely related to the ear, and it is important not to rush to the doctor. On the other hand, there are many causes of vertigo, so you should visit a regular hospital, and only correct diagnosis can lead to correct treatment.