The appearance of trigeminal neuralgia is very harmful to patients. The onset of the disease often causes patients to have pins and needles, electric shock-like sensations and unbearable pain, which can have a great impact on our lives and psychology. Once the trigeminal neuralgia attacks, whether it is acute or prolonged pain, it will cause a series of changes in the physiological activities of the digestive system, starting the body’s nerves, circulatory system, and secretion of the whistling system. The etiology of trigeminal neuralgia is still unclear. The most common cause at present is that the patient’s own blood vessels and nerves interact with each other, and there is a crossover between blood vessels and nerve alignment, which stimulates the nerves and thus causes pain. Secondly, various lesions in or adjacent to the trigeminal nervous system have been found to cause trigeminal neuralgia. Currently, the best treatment for the cause of trigeminal neuralgia is microvascular decompression. Microvascular decompression is recognized as the best treatment for trigeminal neuralgia in China, and is the only method to treat the cause of trigeminal neuralgia and preserve the anatomical integrity of these nerves. Because of its obvious effect, non-destructive nature, few side injuries, and extremely low recurrence rate, microvascular decompression is currently the safest and most effective method internationally recognized for the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia. In the vast majority of patients, facial pain or spasm disappears immediately after surgery, and normal facial sensation and function are preserved without affecting the quality of life.