The survival period of diffuse thyroid lesions depends on the nature of the lesion and varies by etiology. Benign lesions usually do not affect life expectancy, while malignant lesions have a shorter survival period than normal, but there is a large individual variation in how long one can live and there are no clear clinical data. Most diffuse thyroid lesions are inflammatory in nature, such as Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, and are usually not affected by aggressive and symptomatic anti-inflammatory therapy. A small number of diffuse thyroid lesions are nodular goiters, which are benign and usually do not affect the patient’s life expectancy. However, if it is a malignant lesion such as thyroid cancer, its survival is related to the stage of the lesion and the type of pathology. Some patients with low malignancy of the pathological type can be clinically cured and have a long survival period after reasonable treatment, but if the malignancy is high and even distant metastasis has occurred, their survival period is mostly no more than 3 years. Therefore, patients with diffuse thyroid lesions should go to the endocrinology department of the hospital as early as possible for the corresponding examination to clarify the specific type of lesion and early treatment, which is crucial to delay the survival of patients and improve the quality of life.