Atrial fibrillation is currently a common and difficult disease in the diagnosis and treatment of cardiac arrhythmias. Restoring and maintaining sinus rhythm can effectively reduce the incidence of stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation, and prevent arrhythmia cardiomyopathy due to fast ventricular rate of atrial fibrillation in some patients and improve cardiac function. Radiofrequency ablation is currently an effective treatment for atrial fibrillation, and for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation, the overall efficiency reaches 70-80%, and some patients can achieve the effect of radical treatment. For patients with chronic atrial fibrillation, the efficiency of radiofrequency ablation has been reported inconsistently, and there is still a breakthrough in how to improve the ablation efficacy of chronic atrial fibrillation. According to the 2012 expert consensus on HRS/EHRA/ECAS catheter and surgical ablation of AF, AF is defined as: (1) Paroxysmal AF: recurrent episodes of AF (at least 2 episodes), each lasting less than 7 days, capable of self-termination. (2) Persistent atrial fibrillation: persistent episodes of atrial fibrillation lasting for more than 7 days. (3) Prolonged persistent atrial fibrillation: persistent episodes of atrial fibrillation for more than 12 months. (4) Permanent atrial fibrillation: Atrial fibrillation that cannot be reversed, or that cannot maintain sinus rhythm after reversal, or in which the patient has no desire for reversal. Chronic AF may include prolonged persistent AF and permanent AF, but permanent AF is by definition not an indication for ablation therapy. The optimal ablation strategy for prolonged persistent AF has not been fully standardized and the efficiency rate has been reported differently. Because of the potential for electrical and pathological remodeling processes in prolonged persistent AF, ablation of AF may require extensive ablation of the atrial stroma, which also increases the risk of AF recurrence. In order to improve the effectiveness of ablation in prolonged persistent AF or any AF, efforts should be made to improve long-term success rates and reduce the risk of complications, such as cerebral infarction. To improve ablation success rates, the 2012 HRS/EHRA/ECAS Expert Consensus recommends linear ablation and ablation of complex atrial fracture potentials. Post-procedural use of antiarrhythmic drugs has been shown to improve ablation outcomes. Some studies have reported the benefit of surgical hybrid AF ablation methods to improve ablation outcomes. In addition, atrial fibrillation may recur and may require reablation, so avoiding ablation complications and setting the stage for reablation can improve overall atrial fibrillation ablation outcomes. The use of intracardiac ultrasound may be beneficial in reducing the risk of myocardial perforation and avoiding esophageal injury, and the expert consensus also recommends uninterrupted oral anticoagulation during the peri-ablation period to reduce the risk of peri-operative embolism. Improving the efficacy of ablation in chronic atrial fibrillation is a process that will continue to improve in the future.