I. What is sudden deafness? The sudden onset of sensorineural hearing loss of unknown origin. The clinical features of sudden deafness are 1. sudden onset, which may occur within minutes, hours or three days; 2. mostly occurs unilaterally, occasionally occurs bilaterally or sequentially; 3. unknown cause, no clear cause including systemic or local factors; 4. common triggers: poor sleep, exertion, alcohol, impatience, cold; 5. may be accompanied by tinnitus, blocked ear and numbness around the ear; 6. may be accompanied by vertigo, nausea, vomiting; 7. 7. No other symptoms of cranial nerve damage except the eighth cranial nerve. The pathogenesis of sudden deafness is 1. Blood supply disorders in the ear: such as vasospasm and vascular embolism in the inner ear, resulting in dysfunction of the cochlea and vestibule in the vascular supply area due to lack of nutrition and oxygen supply, leading to hearing loss or vertigo. 2. Viral infection: If there is an upper respiratory tract infection within a week before the onset of the disease, it is considered to be related to viral infection. 3. Immune factors: The cochlea is also an organ of the body’s immune response and can also be affected by immune factors and develop dysfunction, especially in patients with bilateral sudden deafness. 4. Principles of treatment for sudden deafness 1. Prompt admission to hospital: the best treatment effect within 3 days, the possibility of complete recovery within 2 weeks, the chance of cure decreases after 2 weeks, and the chance of improvement decreases after 4 weeks (except for low frequency deafness). 2. Medication: timely application of 4 types of drugs: improving microcirculation in the ear, glucocorticoids, neurotrophic drugs, and fibrinogen reduction. 3. Rehabilitation training: In addition to hearing function, another function of the ear, vestibular balance function, is closely related to deafness and tinnitus, so vestibular rehabilitation training can improve the efficiency of deafness treatment. 4. Surgery: If conservative treatment is not effective (severe, total deafness), artificial hearing implant surgery can be considered. V. Post-discharge treatment suggestions: 1. For those who have recovered normal hearing, oral medication can be taken to consolidate the effect for 1-2 weeks. 2.For those who have not fully recovered their hearing, they can continue the medication for 2-3 weeks and review their hearing regularly. 3.If the hearing recovery is not satisfactory, please choose suitable hearing aid or artificial hearing implant according to the physician’s instruction. 4.For those who have severe tinnitus, tinnitus habituation / masking treatment is feasible. Prognosis 1.About 1/3 of the patients can recover completely, 1/5 of the patients are ineffective no matter what kind of treatment, and 1/2 of the patients can partially recover their hearing after treatment. 2, the best time for treatment is within 2 weeks after the onset, the later the treatment time, the worse the efficacy. 3, Low and medium frequency hearing loss and mild hearing loss have a good prognosis, even with vertigo and tinnitus. 4.The prognosis is poor for those with total deafness or near total deafness. 5. Those with vertigo have a poor prognosis. Adherence to vestibular rehabilitation training for 3 months can significantly improve vertigo symptoms. 7. Health guidance 1. Balanced diet: low salt and low fat diet, more fresh vegetables and fruits, less spicy and stimulating food, quit smoking and drinking, do not overeat; 2. Exercise, enhance physical fitness, combine work and rest, avoid getting cold and flu; 3. Hypertension, diabetes, coronary heart disease and other related diseases; 6. Keep the bowels open and actively treat constipation; 7. Avoid ototoxic drugs: there are dozens of known ototoxic drugs, commonly used are aminoglycoside antibiotics (gentamicin, streptomycin, kanamycin, neomycin, etc.), other antibiotics such as chloramphenicol, vancomycin hydrochloride, etc.; ototoxic antitumor drugs include cisplatin, carboplatin