Mumps is an acute systemic infection caused by the mumps virus, commonly known as “mumps”, which occurs in winter and spring and is prone to outbreaks in schools, nurseries, kindergartens and other places where children are concentrated. It is a common complication. The disease is mostly seen in children, but it also occurs in adults. The virus is transmitted through direct contact, droplets, saliva contaminated furniture and toys, and can develop in all seasons, with more frequent occurrence in winter and spring. The incubation period of the disease is usually 12 to 22 days, and after a child is isolated on campus, other peers may still be infected. Adults who come into contact with affected children are vulnerable to infection when they are overworked or immunocompromised. Mumps virus is usually isolated from the saliva of the patient 6 days before the onset of the disease to 9 days after the swelling of the parotid gland. It is most contagious during the period 1 day before and 3 days after the swelling of the parotid gland. Infection of the fetus by a pregnant woman can be transmitted through the placenta, resulting in fetal malformation or death and an increased incidence of miscarriage. Meningoencephalitis is a common complication in children, manifesting as headache, nausea and vomiting. In adults, if the disease is not well rested and treated in time, more dangerous complications such as pancreatitis, orchitis, nephritis, myocarditis, arthritis, thrombocytopenic purpura, mastitis, ovarian inflammation, and eye and ear disorders can occur. Complications of nephritis and orchitis in men can affect fertility if not treated properly. Therefore, both children and adults, once diagnosed, should rest in bed, go to the hospital for isolation treatment if possible, be properly hydrated and nourished, try not to give acidic food early on, and be closely monitored for complications. The prognosis for mumps is generally good after systematic and standardized treatment. Mumps can be prevented. The usual measures are as follows: 1. Vaccination is the most effective way to prevent mumps, and children should complete their vaccinations on time, one at age 1.5 and one at age 6. Children under 15 years of age can be vaccinated. Mumps vaccine and MMR vaccine are currently available. 2. During respiratory disease epidemics, minimize visits to crowded public places; when going out, wear a mask, especially on public transportation. 3. Once you find that you have suspected mumps, fever or upper respiratory symptoms, you should go to the hospital in time to facilitate early diagnosis and treatment. 4. Develop good personal hygiene habits and do “four diligent and one more”: wash hands, ventilate, dry clothes and quilts, exercise and drink more water.