Syringomyelia is a common urological condition, mainly divided into testicular syringomyelia, spermatic cord syringomyelia and traffic syringomyelia. Among them, testicular syringomyelia is the most common. Under normal circumstances, the testicular sphincter contains a small amount of fluid, which can be absorbed by itself. When lesions occur in the sphincter or testis or epididymis, fluid secretion increases or absorption decreases, and fluid accumulation in the sphincter sac increases beyond the normal amount, forming syringomyelia. The diagnosis mainly relies on clinical manifestations and ultrasound. Ultrasound can help to further confirm the diagnosis. These diseases are generally benign and can be observed in children with slow progression and no obvious discomfort. In children younger than 2 years old, there is a possibility of self-absorption and there is no need for urgent surgical treatment. However, if the fluid accumulation is large and does not absorb on its own, or if there is a traffic syringomyelia, surgery is required. Those older than 2 years of age with larger testicular syringomyelia affecting the quality of life are still recommended for surgical treatment. Current surgical procedures include sphincter ligation, syringotomy and sheath reversal, etc. These procedures are safe, relatively uncomplicated and have exact results. In recent years, minimally invasive laparoscopic techniques have also been developed to deal with these diseases, which have the advantages of obvious results, short hospitalization time and no obvious scarring.