A, breastfeeding 1, the advantages of breastfeeding? a. Breast milk is the most ideal natural food for babies, is able to enhance the baby’s immunity. Especially colostrum contains a large amount of immunoglobulin. b. Breast milk is very nutritious, safe, hygienic and economic a food. c. Breastfeeding can promote the relationship between mother and child and is beneficial to the physical and mental health of both baby and mother. To sum up, we should strongly advocate breastfeeding. 2.How can a mother have enough breast milk? a. The mother should have enough self-confidence to believe that her breast milk can meet the needs of the baby. b. The mother should be in a good mood and have sufficient rest. c. Keep a balanced nutrition and drink more soup and juice. d. Let the baby suckle more, especially at night. Note: Babies with a history of allergies or eczema and mothers should be prohibited from eating seafood or spicy food. 3.How to breastfeed? a. In fact, breastfeeding is on-demand feeding. Babies can eat when they are hungry, or mothers can breastfeed when they feel their breasts rise. b. If the baby feels satisfied after eating milk, no bloating, no vomiting, then it means that the baby is full. c. Make sure your baby sucks for at least twenty minutes each time you nurse, and for poorer or weaker babies it may be over thirty minutes or longer. d. The baby should suckle at least eight times a day to ensure that the baby’s urine output is at least six to eight times a day. This is what indicates that the baby’s milk supply is more than adequate. e. The baby’s weight should increase by more than 700g per month within six months and at least 600g per month after six months. f. Breastfeeding does not require the addition of any food, including water and juice. If you find that your baby’s urine is yellow, it means that your baby is not getting enough milk, so let your baby suckle more and eat more. 4.Problems encountered in breastfeeding? a. Milk overflow: The reason for milk overflow is because of the baby’s developmental problems, especially the digestive tract, the baby’s stomach is in a horizontal position, the entrance is called the cardia, which is especially flaccid, and the exit is called the pylorus, which is developed especially tight. This is why babies tend to overflow after eating milk. What should I do when I have a milk spill? Pick up your baby after breastfeeding, hold him or her upright and then pat his or her back and burp. Change the diaper before breastfeeding and keep a comfortable position to avoid overchanging the baby’s position after breastfeeding to cause overflow. b. Intestinal cramps: especially in babies two or three weeks to four to six months after birth. Many babies have paroxysmal crying in the afternoon, and some babies have paroxysmal crying around 12:00 pm, with bloating and more exhaust. Most of the babies belong to their own digestive system development, or the mother ate some relatively cold food, or the baby’s stomach is cold and so on caused by. What should I do in case of intestinal cramps? You can supplement cod liver oil. Massage the abdomen clockwise. Apply hot compresses to the abdomen, taking care not to burn the baby. Some babies can keep themselves in the same position. There are also some babies who are caused by protein allergy and need to change amino acid formula. c. Lactose intolerance: After eating breast milk, the baby has a particularly high number of stools and the stools are thin. However, the baby’s growth and development are not affected in any way, and various laboratory tests are normal. This is related to the development of the baby’s intestinal tract and is a lack of lactase. What should I do if I am lactose intolerant? After the addition of complementary foods at six months, the stools are formed and no special treatment is needed. Adding lactase can also help. d. Anorexia: It occurs when the baby is about three months old. The anorexia period is actually when the baby’s intestinal tract is relatively mature and has absorbed more protein, and the baby’s liver and kidneys are fatigued, so it leads to a decrease in appetite and dislike of milk. The anorexia period is usually about ten days to half a month. What should I do during the anorexia period? Give your baby more water. The mother does not have to be too anxious and create a quiet environment for the baby to nurse to avoid distractions while the baby is breastfeeding. Dilute the milk. It is not as good as when the baby seems to be sleeping. The baby is held out to expend more energy and strength. Exclude various diseases such as oral and digestive tract before considering whether it is an anorexic period. e. Soothing breastfeeding: affects the baby’s sleep, is not conducive to the baby’s healthy growth and should be avoided as much as possible. The baby should be put to sleep in a crib to avoid the baby’s dependence on breast milk. Formula feeding: 1. Add formula milk: a. Types of formula milk: regular milk powder, hydrolyzed protein milk powder, deeply hydrolyzed milk powder, amino acid milk powder, lactose-free milk powder. b. Suitable people: normal babies: normal milk powder. Allergic babies: hydrolyzed protein milk powder, amino acid milk powder. Lactose intolerant: lactose-free formula. 2. Switching formula: It is not recommended to frequently switch formula for babies, especially for babies within one year of age, as frequent switching of formula will increase the burden on the digestive tract and cause indigestion. How to convert milk powder: When converting milk powder, mix two kinds of milk powder together and convert slowly, generally 3-7 days to complete the conversion. At first, add less of the new formula, and gradually increase the ratio, and slowly overdo it. III. When to wean? The purpose of breastfeeding is for the healthy growth and development of the baby. If the growth and development curve of the baby is normal, we cannot easily give up breastfeeding. However, if breastfeeding affects your baby’s growth and development, then we should add formula at the right time. In terms of nutrient content, the nutrients in breast milk decreases from four to six months, and the baby’s development is affected to a certain extent. From four to six months, you should gradually add complementary foods, from less to more, from thin to thick. In general, weaning is better between one and one and a half years old, and the World Health Organization advocates weaning between the ages of two and three.