Helicobacter pylori (Hp) is a spiral-shaped bacterium present in the bulb of the stomach and duodenum. The 2005 Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine was awarded to Australian physicians Barry J. Marshall and Robyn M. Marshall for the discovery of Hp and its pathogenic effects. The 2005 Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine was awarded to Barry J. Marshall and J. Robin Warren, the Australian physicians who discovered Hp and its pathogenic effects. In 2005, the Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine was awarded to Barry J. Marshall and J. Robin Warren, the Australian doctors who discovered Hp and its causative role. Current research has found that HP infection is more closely related to the development of gastric cancer, and that if the infection is combined with some chronic inflammation of the stomach, the probability of developing future tumors is higher than normal. However, this does not mean that people infected with HP will definitely develop gastric cancer, but it mainly depends on the occurrence of some special chronic gastric diseases, such as atrophic gastritis and gastric ulcer. For these people, the treatment must remove H. pylori infection, which can truly control gastritis and ulcer on the one hand, and effectively reduce precancerous lesions such as chronic atrophic gastritis, intestinal epithelial hyperplasia, heterogeneous hyperplasia and gastric cancer on the other hand. Generally speaking, it is not difficult to clear Hp with standard anti-infection treatment, but due to the emergence of drug resistance in recent years, it often leads to the failure of eradication, and about 10% of people will have repeated infection and need to continue treatment. Due to the group living nature of the country, close family contact also has an impact, therefore, it is recommended that close contacts should also be examined and treated for HP removal under the guidance of a specialist.