The effects of exercise on male infertility While regular exercise at a controlled pace is beneficial to an individual’s health, some studies have shown that prolonged excessive exercise may have adverse effects on the physiological system, particularly the reproductive system and fertility. In particular, prolonged over-exercise has a significant negative impact on fertility-related hormones and semen quality. Recent studies have shown that in male athletes, intensive training can lead to oxidative stress and DNA damage in sperm. Exercise volume was first thought to be the most significant factor affecting fertility, and subsequent studies have shown that exercise intensity is not comparable to exercise volume in terms of the adverse effects it causes, at least. Differences in exercise patterns may alter the degree to which exercise affects fertility in men with infertility, for example, when cycling excessively for long periods of time, the seat of the car can cause more friction and compression on the perineum, causing varying degrees of damage to the male prostate or seminal vesicles. Further negative effects may lead to affect fertility. Damage to female reproductive function from excessive exercise, a condition characterized by luteal deficiency, amenorrhea, anovulation and infertility, is called female exercise-related reproductive dysfunction. Moderate exercise can improve the interoperability of the body’s multi-organ functions and mobilize all organs of the body. It can certainly have a facilitating effect on the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis, which is regulated through a negative feedback loop and is extremely important for male fertility. The male gonads, namely the testes, are responsible for the production of steroids (mainly testosterone) and the production of sperm. Testosterone, in turn, regulates the function of the testes. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) is a hormone secreted by the hypothalamus in a pulsatile manner that stimulates the release of the following hormones: luteinizing hormone (LH) and folliculopoietin (FSH).LH is responsible for testosterone production by the interstitial cells of the testes, while FSH is the basis for normal sperm production. Any alteration in this system may have an impact on fertility. The results of many studies on the effects of exercise on male fertility are conflicting and therefore controversial. Although exercise may reduce the risk of disease and promote health in patients, exhaustive exercise and excessive exercise may affect male fertility and the function of the hypothalamic-hypophysis-gonadal axis (HPG axis). High-impact exercise has a negative impact on fertility, both in terms of hormone levels and semen quality, and may lead to infertility in men. Although many studies have shown that hormone levels and semen quality can be fully restored after stopping exercise, we still need to be aware that exercise may be a potential cause of male infertility. In addition, we need to be cautious about the number of years an athlete trains and when he starts training. However, we can see that regular exercise can improve hormone levels and semen quality. In conclusion, we should conduct more studies to further elucidate the relationship between exercise and male infertility.