What are the manifestations of patients with funnel chest

  In most children with funnel chest, a shallow depression appears at birth or shortly after birth, and is mostly evident at the glabella. The depression deepens progressively with age, usually during infancy and preschool. It basically stabilizes during school age. However, there are a few children with late onset of thoracic depression, and the progressive increase with rapid physical development during school age and even adolescence. Due to the compression of the depressed chest wall on the heart and lungs, gas exchange is restricted and secretions are easily retained in the lungs, so upper respiratory tract infections often occur, and sometimes shortness of breath occurs after activity. Low food intake and wasting.  Most children with funnel chest are too young to express conscious symptoms, and because of the elasticity of the chest wall and their limited physical strength, they often fail to show symptoms such as shortness of breath after exercise and significantly lower exercise volume compared to their peers, so that the chest wall deformity is not corrected even after adulthood, and they do not realize the need for treatment until they develop conscious symptoms, changes in cardiopulmonary function and psychological problems. Some patients may experience fatigue, shortness of breath, palpitations or tachycardia after mild activity, and some may have sharp anterior chest pain and pressure discomfort.  Most patients with funnel chest have a long and thin body shape, most commonly with symmetric or asymmetric depression of the lower 3/4 of the sternum, mostly with anterior chest concavity, posterior back arch, bilateral shoulder tucking, and abdominal bulging. Some children also have pectoral dysplasia, flat chest and forked ribs.