Q: What is the significance of intraoperative CT-guided surgery for patients with middle and inner ear malformations? A: Cochlear implantation in patients with middle ear and inner ear malformations such as cochlear implants is a risky and difficult procedure, and even experienced professors like Dong Yi Han face great challenges. The main risks for this group of patients are damage to the facial nerve, misplacement of the implanted electrodes into the internal auditory canal, and postoperative acoustic stimulation that can cause facial muscle spasms. However, with the accumulation of experience of surgeons and the improvement of surgical equipment, these risks have become significantly smaller. The surgical suite at PLA General Hospital is equipped with advanced equipment such as CT, MRI, and surgical robots, providing surgeons with a more reliable safety guarantee for cochlear implant surgery. To date, PLA General Hospital has been the first hospital in China to safely and successfully perform intraoperative CT-guided cochlear implant surgery on patients with middle and inner ear malformations. The work has been highly recognized by domestic and international counterparts. Real-time intraoperative CT guidance for cochlear implantation is important in guiding the pathway of electrode insertion and judging the electrode position in real time in individual cases with structural deformities of the middle and inner ear, especially in cases with facial nerve location, severe deformities of the cochlear structure, and traffic between the internal auditory canal and the cochlea. Intraoperatively, cochlear implantation under CT guidance in the above special cases can achieve the goal of improving the quality of surgery and reducing surgical complications.