Low IQ in children is characterized by an inability to communicate effectively with others, lagging language development, inability to express their feelings and needs, and poor memory, concentration, and learning ability, which may be related to genetic factors, prenatal injuries, and other disease factors. It is recommended to consult a specialist psychiatric hospital for intelligence screening. Common causes and treatments 1, genetic factors: such as trisomy 21, such children generally have a special face, infants with wide eye spacing, low nasal root, small eye fissure, can generally be detected through prenatal screening, if already born children need patient education and training; 2, prenatal injury: the mother during pregnancy by viral, bacterial infection, can affect the normal development of the fetus, resulting in abnormal brain development The mother may be affected by viral or bacterial infection during pregnancy, resulting in abnormal brain development. Or the birth of a fetus with asphyxia and hypoxia, birth injuries, or even high jaundice after birth resulting in bilirubin encephalopathy, may affect intelligence. This requires a good prenatal examination of pregnant women, try to choose a large hospital to avoid medically induced injuries, and to pay attention to the emergence of pediatric jaundice, and to clarify the cause of blue light treatment, blood exchange treatment, drug therapy, etc.; 3, other disease factors: such as congenital thyroid insufficiency, phenylketonuria, malnutrition, etc., can cause the child’s neurological development is incomplete, resulting in mental retardation. Children with endocrine metabolic abnormalities such as thyroid insufficiency and phenylketonuria should be diagnosed early, and thyroid hormone replacement or special diet therapy for phenylketonuria should be used early to improve their intelligence level. Patients with hearing and visual impairment should receive special education and wear cochlear implants as early as possible; malnourished children need to receive nutrition department treatment and supplementation. Treatment of children with low IQ can be combined with the application of medical, social, educational and vocational training measures to train patients according to their age and severity of mental retardation; early intervention must be made to maximize the IQ of children and achieve the highest possible level of intelligence and self-care ability.