Mental retardation in children usually refers to mild or significant delays in cognitive, language, social, and motor development in school-age children, often due to genetic, gestational, and perinatal factors. The child should be promptly screened for etiology and then treated according to the doctor’s instructions. Common causes 1, genetic factors: some children’s mental retardation is due to congenital genetic factors, commonly due to genetic and chromosomal abnormalities that lead to neurological dysplasia or malformations, such as phenylketonuria, galactosemia, congenital hydrocephalus and other diseases; 2, adverse factors during pregnancy: maternal malnutrition, severe hypoxia, or toxemia during pregnancy can lead to children’s brain retardation after birth. The brain development of the child is delayed. If the child suffers from abdominal trauma, radioactive irradiation, intrauterine infection, etc. in early pregnancy, it may also lead to delayed development of the mental system of the child, which in turn may lead to delayed mental development of the child; 3. Perinatal factors: if the child is born prematurely, or if the child suffers from brain trauma or asphyxia during delivery, it may also cause delayed brain development; 4. Postnatal factors: if the child suffers from malnutrition within two years of age, or if there is infantile hydrocephalus If the child is malnourished within two years of age, or has infantile hydrocephalus, meningitis, growth hormone deficiency and other diseases, it can also induce mental retardation in children. If a child is mentally retarded, early treatment of the primary disease is required under the guidance of a medical professional. For example, hydrocephalus in infants and children can be treated by cerebrospinal fluid shunts, etc. For meningitis, corticosteroids can be used to treat increased intracranial pressure and subarachnoid obstruction caused by cerebral edema to reduce toxic symptoms, suppress inflammatory reactions and relieve meningitis. At the same time, according to the law of growth and development of children and the characteristics of psychological development, early intervention of cognitive function, language, social function and motor function should be carried out to promote the recovery of children’s intelligence and achieve better treatment results.