Due to the improvement of people’s material living standard and health awareness, many women have regular medical checkups, so the term “HPV” has aroused strong concern among women, and this article is to educate them about HPV. What is HPV? Human papillomavirus (HPV for short) is a DNA virus with multiple genotypes, and more than 120 genotypes have been identified, about 30 of which are involved in reproductive tract infections. Based on biological characteristics and oncogenic potential, HPV is divided into high-risk and low-risk types. High-risk types such as HPV 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59, 66 and 68 are associated with cancer and precancerous lesions, among which HPV 16 and HPV 18 can cause 70% of cervical cancers, HPV 45 and HPV 31 cause 5% and 10%, respectively. Low-risk types such as HPV 6, 11, 42, 43 and 44 are mainly associated with mild squamous epithelial lesions and genitourinary warts and recurrent respiratory polyps, of which 90% of genital warts and 96% of condyloma acuminata are associated with HPV 6 and HPV 11 infection, but do not cause cancer. HPV is highly host-specific and infects mainly the skin and mucous membranes of specific areas of the body, most commonly the oropharynx and anogenital tract. The prevalence of HPV infection depends on the age and sexual habits of the population, including the young age at the beginning of sexual life, the number of sexual partners, etc. The prevalence of HPV infection is highest in sexually active women, with a peak age of infection of 18-28 years, however, most women However, most women are infected for a relatively short period of time, usually disappearing on their own within 8-10 months, and only about 10-15% of women are persistently infected. Persistent infection with high-risk types of HPV is the most important factor contributing to the development of uterine cancer. There is no effective antiviral treatment for either high-risk HPV or low-risk HPV, just as hepatitis virus, HIV, SARS, etc. cannot be cured by effective antiviral treatment, but only for HPV-induced lesions such as genital and anal warts, precancerous lesions, and cancer. Although there are many types of antiviral drugs on the market (oral or vaginal use), none of them are effective in virus clearance, and the main reliance is on autoimmunity to clear the virus. Because of the high clearance rate of HPV, persistent infection is very rare, and the prognosis of low grade cervical lesions is very good, so for simple HPV infection or low grade precancerous lesions (CIN1) can be conservatively observed and followed up; for CIN2 or more serious lesions (cancer), it is necessary to seek help from experienced gynecologic oncologists at regular medical centers. In conclusion, HPV infection is not scary, most of the infections can be cleared by autoimmunity, and regular screening can detect and interrupt precancerous lesions caused by HPV in time.