Early bladder tumors can be completely cured if they are benign, but if they are malignant, i.e., bladder cancer, current medical technology cannot yet achieve radical cure, but only clinical remission. Bladder tumors include benign tumors and malignant tumors. Benign tumors are mainly papillomas, which can be completely cured after surgical removal. In the case of malignant tumors, i.e. bladder cancer, the tumor can only be removed to achieve clinical remission, but recurrence or metastasis may still exist in the distant future. If recurrence or metastasis occurs, further surgery or chemotherapy treatment is needed to prolong the patient’s survival probability. In the case of bladder malignancy, i.e. bladder cancer, even in the early stage, cancer cells may be mixed with urine and carried to other mucosal areas of the bladder, where they may be latent in other submucosal layers and can form new bladder cancer tissue under certain pathogenic causative conditions. Therefore, patients need lifelong follow-up and timely re-treatment, such as surgical treatment or bladder irrigation chemotherapy, after recurrence and metastasis are detected.