The human blood group system can be divided into ABO blood group system and Rh blood group system. ABO blood group can be divided into four blood types: A, B, O and AB, while Rh blood group system can be divided into Rh positive and Rh negative. When the blood types are incompatible between mother and child, it can cause the occurrence of hemolysis in the newborn. When the blood type of the couple is different, such as the mother is type O and the father is type A, B or AB, the blood type inherited by the fetus from the father’s side can enter the mother as an antigen, stimulating the mother to produce special anti-A or anti-B antibodies, which can bind to the corresponding antigen of the red blood cells and then destroy the fetal red blood cells, causing hemolysis in the newborn. Similarly, the reasoning of Rh blood group incompatibility is similar, but Rh hemolysis occurs less frequently because there are fewer Rh-negative people in China. However, Rh-negative women should take care to neutralize the Rh antigen entering the mother’s blood by injecting the appropriate anti-Rh immunoglobulin as early as possible after miscarriage or delivery of the Rh-positive first child. The common clinical method is to administer 300 μg of anti-D globulin to Rh-negative pregnant women at 28 weeks of gestation and 72 hours after delivery of an RhD-positive fetus, respectively. In addition, when preparing for pregnancy, couples should actively cooperate with their doctors for prenatal checkups so as to avoid the risk of possible genetic-related diseases.