Leukemia is a class of malignant blood disorders with excessive proliferation and infiltration of hematopoietic stem cells. The incidence of leukemia in all regions of China is the sixth highest among various tumors. Clinical manifestations include varying degrees of anemia, bleeding, infectious fever, and enlargement of the liver, spleen, lymph nodes and skeletal pain. Children are at high risk for leukemia, and the causes of leukemia are diverse, both endogenous and exogenous, so it cannot be arbitrarily stated which children are susceptible to the disease and which are not. Through research on the pathogenesis of leukemia, it has been found that there are many high-risk factors that increase the chances of developing leukemia, so children with these risk factors are at increased risk of developing leukemia: 1. Children born of consanguineous marriages, these children often have chromosomal mutations and are therefore more likely to develop leukemia. 2. A history of exposure to chemicals and poisons. 3, long-term contact with gasoline, if there is a decline in white blood cells, and not due to viral infection or other causes, it means that it is sensitive to benzene, be extra careful. 4.Long-term exposure to hair dye, children, the elderly and pregnant women especially need to pay attention. 5, long-term abuse of chemical drugs, will increase the chances of leukemia. 6, a lot of inhalation of decoration pollution gas, long-term living in the newly renovated environment, prone to leukemia causes. 7, those who have been exposed to more radiation, due to receiving a large amount of radioactive elements, can also induce leukemia. Therefore, in addition to the weaker immune function of children, harmful gases emitted from interior decoration materials, improper medication, excessive preservatives in food, large amounts of pesticides remaining on vegetables, and drugs in fish, poultry, meat and eggs are all factors that cannot be ignored. The pathogenesis of leukemia is still not fully understood, but may only be related to viral factors, physicochemical factors, genetic factors, etc.