Trigeminal neuralgia is a recurrent paroxysmal pain that occurs in the face. The pain is often lightning-like, knife-like or burning, and is very intense and unbearable. Even daily activities such as talking, eating, washing face and brushing teeth can trigger painful episodes, seriously affecting patients’ life and work. Since pain is easily confused with toothache, many patients mistakenly have their teeth extracted while the pain continues to flare up. Patients with long-term recurrent attacks cannot be controlled by medication and must be treated surgically. The traditional surgical method for trigeminal neuralgia is to cut the trigeminal nerve root, and there are often more complications after surgery. Later, when some doctors tried trigeminal nerve decompression surgery, they found that mild damage to the trigeminal hemianopia could relieve the patient’s pain, and the patient had less sensory disturbance after surgery. Further studies found that trigeminal nerve hemimelia compression did have a therapeutic effect on trigeminal neuralgia. This led Mullan, an American physician, to create the percutaneous triple-penetrating trigeminal nerve balloon compression, which was officially published in 1983. Percutaneous trigeminal nerve balloon compression has been used for more than 20 years and has proven to be a very effective and safe treatment method. Compared to other methods of percutaneous puncture for trigeminal nerve treatment, the procedure is less painful for the patient under general anesthesia. Balloon compression selectively preserves unmyelinated fibers and reduces common ocular complications; compared with the currently used microvascular decompression surgery, the patient is less traumatized, the operation time is shorter, the number of hospital days is less, and medical costs are saved. The disadvantage is that some patients have postoperative facial hypesthesia. In conclusion, the most important feature of this technique is that the method is simple and easy to perform, the surgery is minimally invasive and the patient suffers little pain, which is especially suitable for patients who cannot tolerate craniotomy due to their age and poor physical condition.