What is smoker’s disease? Moyamoya disease, also known as Moyamoya disease, is a rare cerebrovascular disease characterized by progressive narrowing to occlusion of the superior segment of the internal carotid artery (ICA) bed and its major branches within the ring of arteries at the base of the brain (Willis ring). These vascular occlusions lead to the formation of a network of collateral vessels at the base of the brain (moyamoya
The formation of the moyamoya vasculature, which looks like a wisp of smoke rising in the air on cerebral angiography (Figure). Therefore, Japanese scholars Suzuki and Takaku named this cerebrovascular lesion “Moyamoya disease” in 1969, because “moyamoya” means “a wisp of smoke” in Japanese. Moyamoya” means “smoke” in Japanese. It is now known that the main pathological feature of smog is the progressive stenosis of the end of the internal carotid artery and the formation of the Moyamoya vessel through the dilated artery, which functions as a collateral vessel to compensate for the blood supply of the internal carotid artery. Recent studies have deepened the knowledge of the basic and clinical aspects of smoldering disease, including etiology, pathophysiology, surgical treatment, and long-term prognosis. However, further more in-depth studies on the topics of its pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment are needed to further improve the prognosis of patients. In 1997, the Japanese Committee for the Study of Spontaneous Occlusion of the Circumflex Artery of the Cerebral Base (Willis Ring) (Moyamoya disease) issued guidelines for the diagnosis of smog. According to this guideline, smog disease is characterized by stenosis or occlusion of the end of the internal carotid artery or the proximal end of the anterior cerebral artery or middle cerebral artery, and the formation of an abnormal vascular network near the stenotic or occluded vascular lesion is shown on cerebral angiography. Patients diagnosed with smog have bilateral vasculopathy, while patients with unilateral vasculopathy may be diagnosed with suspected cases of smog.