In some cases, women who have reached the age of menopause and are not menstruating or are menopausal before they reach the age of menopause should consider whether vaginal atresia is the cause. Vaginal atresia is divided into complete vaginal atresia and incomplete vaginal atresia. Most cases of complete vaginal atresia are due to congenital abnormalities, i.e., the patient’s genetic chromosomes may have been affected during the maternal developmental stage, or the mother may have taken medication that caused the uterus to develop abnormally, which usually results in no menstruation after puberty and may be accompanied by periodic lower abdominal pain. Incomplete vaginal atresia is mostly acquired, usually due to birth injuries, surgical trauma, caustic drugs, vaginal infections, localized vaginal narrowing, or a small hole in the center of the vagina. Some patients with incomplete vaginal atresia may still menstruate, but with significantly reduced menstrual flow and abdominal pain. This requires systematic management to avoid aggravation of the condition. The causes of vaginal atresia can be congenital or acquired, but either way, vaginal atresia can cause damage to a woman’s health.