Some of the subjects in the free national preconception eugenics program will have high thyroid stimulating hormone problems. Thyroid hormone is an important hormone in our body, which is used to help our body to develop and metabolize better. Once the body’s thyroid hormone production is too high or too low, it can easily lead to some serious thyroid diseases.
A. Causes of high thyroid stimulating hormone
1. The main causes of high thyroid hormone are commonly found in primary hypothyroidism, thyroid hormone-secreting pituitary tumors, hypopituitarism, and recovery from subacute thyroiditis.
2. The main role of thyroid stimulating hormone is to control the thyroid gland. It promotes the manufacture of thyroid hormones and also promotes the release of already manufactured thyroid hormones into the bloodstream, and plays an important role in the growth and metabolism of the thyroid gland itself. The change of serum TSH concentration is the most sensitive indicator reflecting the function of the thyroid gland.
3, thyroid hormone has a stimulating effect on adrenal cortex function, which can make the adrenal glands hypertrophy, and removal of the thyroid gland can make the adrenal glands atrophy. When thyrotropin is high, the systemic metabolism is hyperactive and cortisol degradation is accelerated, resulting in increased urinary 17-hydroxycortisol excretion and causing hyperthyroidism, while thyroid hormone synthesis is reduced when it is too low.
4. Thyroid stimulating hormone is essentially a glycoprotein, which is secreted and released by the pituitary gland. Its functions are mainly to promote the growth and development of the thyroid gland and to mediate the synthesis and secretion of thyroxine. It can promote the synthesis and secretion of thyroid hormone by the thyroid gland, but if the thyroid gland has been destroyed, it cannot produce this effect.
Symptoms of high thyroid stimulating hormone
Thyroid hormone (TSH) is a hormone secreted by the pituitary gland to promote the growth and function of the thyroid gland TSH comprehensively promotes the function of the thyroid gland, appearing slightly earlier to promote the release of thyroid hormone and slightly later to promote the synthesis of T4 and T3, including strengthening iodine pump activity, enhancing peroxidase activity, promoting thyroglobulin synthesis and tyrosine iodination and various other aspects.
1, mucinous edema face face puffiness: eyelids loose swelling, nose, lip thickening, indifferent expression, “dull” “dull” in a “false mask-like” listlessness, tongue loud hissing, spitting words The patient has a few patients with protruding eyes. Recommended reading: How to care for patients with high thyroid hormone
2. Digestive system: Patients have loss of appetite, constipation, abdominal distension, and even paralytic intestinal obstruction. About half of the patients have complete gastric acid deficiency.
3, due to the stimulation of supraphysiological amount of thyroid hormone, insulin function can be damaged to different degrees, so that insulin function is reduced, insulin secretion is reduced and degradation is enhanced, thus inducing or aggravating diabetes, and the patient’s sensitivity to insulin is reduced.
4, low basal metabolic rate syndrome: fatigue, sensory dullness, slow movement, mental retardation, severe memory loss, drowsiness, inattention, chills, fear of cold, dry hair loss, slow growth of male beard, no sweating and lower than normal body temperature.
5. Pale skin and thyroid hormone deficiency: This leads to a weakening of the function of subcutaneous carotene conversion to vitamin A and vitamin A generation of retinoids. There is elevated plasma carotene, and due to anemia, the skin color is pale, therefore, the skin color is waxy yellow, rough and less lustrous, dry and thick, and cold skin is scaly and keratinized, especially the hands, arms and thighs are obvious, and a few patients have increased weight. Nail growth is slow, thick and brittle, performance appears cracked.
6, reproductive system: female patients may have excessive menstruation amenorrhea, sometimes amenorrhea containing and breast overflow, male breast development, lactation, female patients with early menarche and other manifestations.
7, mucinous edema coma: seen in patients with severe disease, mostly in the winter when the cold onset. Triggers are severe systemic diseases, interruption of thyroid hormone replacement therapy, cold, surgery, anesthesia and use of sedative drugs. Clinical manifestations include drowsiness, hypothermia (<35°C), bradycardia, bradycardia, decreased blood pressure, muscle relaxation in the extremities, diminished or absent reflexes, and even coma, shock, and life-threatening renal insufficiency. Mucinous edema, also called true mucinous edema, is characterized by generalized puffiness and non-depressed edema of the skin, i.e., no depressed changes appear when pressed with the finger. The skin at the edema is pale or waxy yellow, and is accompanied by characteristic facial expressions such as indifferent and dull expressions, facial and eyelid edema, wide nose, thick lips, large, smooth and red tongue, slurred pronunciation, and slow and labored speech.
Three, the danger of high thyroid hormone
Thyroid stimulating hormone is a hormone secreted by the pituitary gland to promote the growth and function of the thyroid gland. Human TSH is a glycoprotein, containing 211 amino acids, with sugars accounting for about 15% of the whole. The whole consists of two peptide chains – alpha chain and beta chain. TSH promotes the functions of the thyroid gland comprehensively, appearing slightly earlier to promote thyroid hormone and slightly later to promote the synthesis of T4 and T3, including strengthening iodine pump activity, enhancing peroxidase activity, promoting thyroglobulin synthesis and tyrosine iodination, and various other aspects.
If thyrotropic hormones are increased: primary hypothyroidism, Hashimoto’s disease with hypothyroidism, exogenous thyrotropic hormone-secreting tumors (lung, breast), recovery from subacute thyroiditis. The intake of lithium metal, potassium iodide, and thyroid stimulating hormone can increase thyroid stimulating hormone.
If the thyroid hormone is high, there is a high risk of hypothyroidism, and once hypothyroidism is diagnosed, it can be very harmful to the pregnant woman. If the condition is not well controlled, the pregnant woman is prone to spontaneous abortion, premature birth, placental abruption, hypertension, and cardiac dysfunction.
For the fetus in the womb, the mother’s hypothyroidism can cause intrauterine growth retardation, abnormal bone development, and even death. Since the thyroxine needed for fetal brain development mainly comes from the mother, maternal thyroxine deficiency can also affect the normal development of the fetal nervous system in the womb, resulting in fetal mental retardation and low intelligence level after birth.