In general, musculoskeletal injuries are directly related to sports and less related to gender. For example, ACL injuries often occur in soccer, basketball and volleyball. However, statistics from 1995 to the present suggest that men and women have different rates of ACL injuries when playing the same sport. In basketball, women are twice as likely as men to have an ACL injury. In soccer, women are four times more likely to have an ACL injury than men. Both men and women can suffer ACL injuries in a no-contact situation. Nearly 60% of ACL injuries in women occur when jumping and landing in basketball. What is the ACL? The ACL is a ligament located within the knee joint that stabilizes the joint and prevents the lower leg bone (tibia) from sliding forward under the thigh bone (femur). The ACL can tear when it is severely twisted or under excessive stress, so that the knee joint “goes limp” and cannot support the body. Unless ACL injuries are properly diagnosed and treated, secondary damage to the meniscus (cushioning cartilage) within the knee joint is inevitable. Without the cushioning protection of the meniscus, the tibia and femur can collide with each other, causing further damage. As a result of research, scientists have identified several risk factors that contribute to the high incidence of ACL injuries in female athletes. Based on these studies, training methods to reduce the incidence of injury were developed. Safe jumping techniques Because women cannot land on their knees with the same degree of flexion as men when they jump, the knee joint stress is increased. The knee joint is under several times the pressure of the body weight. How to land safely is the first skill to learn. Squatting Exercises Women’s knees still rotate and curl in the standing position, still pulling on the anterior cruciate ligament. Learning to bend and curl at the hip and knee will reduce the stress on the ACL. These drills, like the golf swing and tennis stroke, are motor skills that can be learned, mastered and improved. Muscle control techniques The N cord muscle at the back of the thigh corresponds to the quadriceps muscle at the front of the thigh to flex and extend the calf respectively. Can the quadriceps force be used by many female athletes during rapid position changes? When the knee is not flexed enough, this can produce enough force on the tibia to tear the ACL. Strengthening the N cord muscle and using the N cord muscle more often than the quadriceps can reduce the chance of injury to the ACL in female athletes. Prevention and treatment Female athletes can reduce the chance of ACL injury through three academic steps 1. Training period of one year. At the beginning of the season, enhance your balance and coordination with skill training and strength and sensitivity exercises to bring you to a good state of readiness for competition. 2.Strengthen the N cord muscle and quadriceps strength as a regular training program. Stretch the quadriceps: stand using a wall or a table as support. Bend the calf to pull the foot to the hip. Hold for five seconds and then release the leg and stand up straight. Repeat 6-10 times for each lower leg, then go to the other side. Stretch N cord muscle: Sitting position (one leg bent, other leg straight) with toes pointing to the ceiling. Probe past toward the toes until you feel the stretch. Hold for five seconds and return to the original position. Repeat 6-10 times for each leg. 3. Practice proper landing techniques and learn squat exercises with slight bending of the knee and hip joints. If you have an ACL injury, don’t be afraid, it can be cured. Surgical and non-surgical treatment options are available. Non-surgical treatments can sometimes be useful for athletes who want to reduce the level of participation in their sport. Almost every player who wishes to reengage in those sports that require jumping, squatting and rotational movements will need surgery and ligament reconstruction. to stabilize the knee joint, protect the cartilage, and be able to return to the same level of movement as before. The results of surgical reconstruction for both men and women are high satisfaction and the same high success rate. After surgery, exercises and rehabilitation are required to strengthen the muscles and mobility. The vast majority of athletes can return to the sport he/she loves.