Vertigo is a condition characterized by a spinning sensation, nausea, vomiting and cold sweats. There are two main types of vertigo: true vertigo and pseudo vertigo. Vertigo usually reflects a lesion in the vestibular area and it is a symptom, not a disease. True vertigo: It is mostly seen in lesions of two small organs, the inner ear and the vestibule, and is peripheral in nature, manifesting as paroxysmal rotation of external objects or itself, tipping sensation, falling sensation, with heavy symptoms, mostly accompanied by obvious nausea, vomiting and other vegetative symptoms, lasting for a short time, tens of seconds to hours, rarely more than days or weeks. The symptoms are heavy during the attack. Diseases that manifest true vertigo include Meniere’s disease (inner ear vertigo), sudden deafness, vestibular neuronitis, vaginitis caused by otitis media spreading to the inner ear, auditory neuroma, benign positional vertigo, etc. Pseudovertigo: sensation of shaking and instability in the external environment or oneself, or swaying from side to side or back and forth. The symptoms are mild, usually not accompanied by sweating, palpitations and other symptoms, and last for a long time, rarely up to several months. It is usually caused by cerebrovascular disease, cervical spondylosis, endocrine vertigo, hypertensive vertigo, ophthalmogenic vertigo, etc. It is important to identify the nature of vertigo for the treatment of its primary cause, such as cerebrovascular disease and tumor-induced vertigo. The diagnosis and differential diagnosis starts with a careful physical examination to determine the true vertigo and pseudo vertigo. In addition, some necessary tests are performed according to the patient’s symptoms and signs, such as vestibular nerve function tests: nystagmography, balance posture and hot and cold water test, brain CT or brain MRI. Most of vertigo can be treated with hyperbaric oxygen therapy, whose effects can reduce vertigo symptoms, reduce inner ear edema and improve inner ear vestibular blood supply for sudden deafness and inner ear vertigo. Cerebrovascular vertigo can establish collateral circulation and reduce cerebral edema known as cerebral ischemia. Of course, the treatment differs from one cause to another, and the specific treatment plan needs to be guided by the specialist of hyperbaric oxygen and the doctor of the corresponding department.