Artificial joint replacement surgery has evolved to the point where it is undoubtedly the best means of successfully treating end-stage joint disease. While considering the benefits that this surgical procedure offers to patients, it is important not to forget the risks. The first thing to consider when it comes to risks is the issue of infection. Infections in general can be divided into early acute infections associated with surgery, which occur within three months after surgery, and then late infections that occur six months after the replacement, mostly due to the presence of foci of infection or infectious factors in the body. Therefore, the first step in controlling the risk is to understand what the risk factors are for the development of infection in the early post-operative period. Common risk factors include upper respiratory tract infection, diabetes, urinary tract infection, history of HIV infection, skin and soft tissue infection, autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, anemia and malnutrition, prolonged surgery, complex revision surgery, etc. When these factors are present, it is important to raise awareness of infection prevention, closely monitor infection-related indicators, and reasonably use antibiotics and wound treatment in order to The risk of infection can be effectively reduced and the efficacy of joint replacement surgery can be improved. In conclusion, infection has serious consequences, but it is controllable, preventable, and treatable, and its control requires active cooperation and joint efforts between doctors and patients.