The prevalence of myopia among children in China has been increasing year by year, and was low in the mid-1970s, at about 15% to 20%. The prevalence of myopia among students ranked fourth in the world in 1998 and rose to second in the 21st century. The prevalence of myopia is gradually increasing from small towns, medium-sized cities to large cities, and the age of onset is trending toward a younger age. This trend will seriously affect the quality of our national health. The country and individuals will spend more money to treat myopia and myopia complications. Not only will the physical and mental health of children be seriously affected, but also their future education, military participation and employment will be affected. It has become a public health issue of common concern at home and abroad. Why is the prevalence of myopia increasing in our country? Why is the prevalence of myopia increasing? According to current medical research, the formation and development of myopia is mainly caused by two aspects: I. Genetic factors Let’s talk about genetic factors first. The molecular genetics of myopia has made a series of important advances in recent years, and 14 myopia loci have been identified so far, coded as MYP1-14: 6 autosomal dominant high myopia loci, 2 X-linked recessive high myopia loci, and 6 simple myopia loci. Foreign survey reports have also demonstrated that a history of myopia in both parents is one of the independent important factors determining the occurrence of myopia in students. Pathological myopia is essentially genetically determined; diametropia is a multifactorial inheritance determined by both genetics and environment. In addition, myopia studies of twins show that genetics plays about 60% of the role in determining individual differences in the occurrence of myopia and the environment plays about 40% of the role. Among the refractive elements of our eyes, axial length and corneal refractive power have a high genetic index, which also indicates that genetic factors play a greater role in determining individual differences in axial length and corneal refractive power. The occurrence of myopia in an individual depends on whether the myopic susceptibility exceeds a certain threshold, and myopic susceptibility is the sum of genetic and environmental factors for each individual. Genetic factors are the consequence of multiple pairs of genes that act equipotently, minimally and cumulatively. When the summed effect exceeds a certain threshold, the disease is present, and when environmental factors also play a role, it becomes multifactorial inheritance. Foreign statistics show that the occurrence of myopia is related to race. Yellow people have the highest incidence of myopia, Caucasians the second highest, and Blacks the lowest. The above information shows that the national population is physically susceptible to myopia, and is more obviously affected by external factors of poor eye care. Second, environmental factors The current society is increasingly competitive pressure, parents for the future of their children, can not help but transfer the pressure to the newborn child, or even the mother’s child in the womb. Cultivate the so-called thousand words child, math prodigy ah, etc… After going to school, the government wants political achievements from the leaders, the school wants grades from the teachers, and the teachers force the students to take grades. After students get into a famous university, they can find a better job in the future employment …. Therefore, it leads to children keep learning, learning, learning. Coupled with the current increasingly advanced technology, smartphones, Ipad, laptops, desktop computers, game consoles and so on make countless children who are obsessed with games happy, but the health of the eyes quietly slipped away in the high excitement. Excessive eye use at close range is the main and most important environmental factor that causes myopia. After birth, children’s eyes are not mature and the length of the eye axis grows from 16.5mm at birth to 24mm at the age of 16, making them vulnerable to adverse external environmental factors and a high-risk period for myopia. For example, some people are weak and will catch a cold when it is windy or raining; others are strong and will not get sick after getting wet. Myopia also has similar characteristics, some children play computer every day will not be myopia, some children will not play for a long time will appear vision loss, foreign experts have done a comparison, Australian children and Singaporean children the same reading time, Singapore’s children have a high incidence of myopia, the development of fast. The final results of the study showed that Australian children spend 2 hours more time outdoors each day than Singaporean children, so time spent outdoors is very important not only for eye health but also for the health of the whole body and mind. Therefore, it is recommended that primary and secondary school students spend no less than 2 hours outdoors per day and no less than 18 hours outdoors per week. This is especially true for kindergartens and elementary schools. High myopia is currently one of the major causes of severe visual impairment and blindness both at home and abroad. It accounts for 20 to 30 percent of blindness or low vision. The eye axis is the most important parameter of the three elements of refraction, and for every 1mm increase in the eye axis, myopia increases by 250 to 300 degrees. Pathological myopia is overwhelmingly due to atrophy and degeneration of the retina and choroid caused by the excessive length of the eye axis, which leads to foraminal retinal detachment and macular degeneration hemorrhage. And these fundus diseases are not surgically treatable to restore sight as cataracts are. Patients may spend a lot of money, but their vision will never be restored! The patient’s quality of life will be seriously affected. With current medical technology, there is no cure for myopia. Some parents will have the illusion of waiting for their children to have laser surgery after the age of 18 to cure myopia, which is a very wrong understanding, not to mention that there will be certain risks associated with the surgery. The surgery itself is simply a laser procedure that cuts away a layer of corneal tissue to change the refractive power of the cornea, thereby improving naked eye vision, but it does not change the structure of the already formed myopic eye. To use a less appropriate example, like an apple with the skin peeled off, if there are worms inside, even if the outside is shiny, the inside is rotten …. For highly myopic eyes, an eye axis of 27mm or more may be pathological myopia, and 28mm or more is definitely pathological myopia. For children ≥400 degrees is both high myopia. Therefore, extra attention should be paid to children who have both parents with myopia, whose myopia occurs at an early age, and whose eye axis is longer than normal. With proper treatment and good eye hygiene habits, the child’s myopia may not develop to 600 degrees, 800 degrees or even more than 1000 degrees; the eye axis may not grow to 27, 28 or even 37 mm, and serious complications will be avoided as much as possible. Avoid serious impact on quality of life. Myopia not only affects the child’s education, employment and military service, but also leads to a significant decrease in quality of life if serious complications occur. The entire society and family will also bear a heavy financial burden as a result. Therefore, it is urgent to start at an early age to treat and scientifically prevent myopia! For some children with rapid myopia progression and persistent axial lengthening, posterior scleral augmentation can be considered. The purpose is to control and reduce the progression of myopia, stabilize myopia, and prevent the occurrence and development of macular and posterior retinal degeneration, thus saving the visual function of some patients with rapidly progressing high myopia.