Children’s eye disease is a special group of diseases, with its special occurrence, development and change law, and the time window for effective treatment is very short, if found late and miss the best time for effective treatment, it can lead to irreversible vision damage, or life-threatening. Since newborns cannot express eye discomfort or vision abnormality with language or expression like adults, and cannot cooperate with eye examination, eye diseases in newborns can only be detected through comprehensive examination by doctors. In China, Zhuhai, Kunming and other places in the tens of thousands of cases of newborn eye disease screening found that the most common newborn eye disease is newborn fundus hemorrhage, an average of every 7 newborns have 1 newborns have eye disease; if you exclude the fundus hemorrhage, an average of every 70 newborns have 1 newborns have eye disease. Although most of the diseases do not require treatment and can be followed up only with observation, their extremely high incidence should not be underestimated. Human perception is the basis of intellectual development, and 83% of the development of the perceptual aspect comes from the amount of information available to the eyesight. The 4-6 months of embryonic life is an important period for eye development, and 0-3 years of age is a critical period for visual development. Early eye screening and corresponding treatment programs are very important. The purpose of eye screening is to detect abnormal vision at an early stage, to find out the causes of vision abnormalities, to correct the factors leading to vision abnormalities in time, and to ensure the normal development of visual function.