Some time ago, CCTV’s Cui Yongyuan and Fudan professor Lu Daju exchanged words on the issue of genetic modification, the exchange of sparks, but the sparks did not evolve into a storm of knowledge, not to make the knowledge of genetic modification more popular, but to give everyone the feeling of confusion. In this GM controversy, the popularization and impact of science is “clearly lacking”. Genetic modification is the extraction of the desired target gene from the genome of a specific organism, or the artificial synthesis of a DNA fragment of a specified sequence, which is transferred into a specific organism, recombined with its own genome, and then artificially selected from the recombinant body for several generations to obtain an individual with stable performance of a specific genetic trait. This technique allows the recombinant organism to add new traits that one would expect and breed new varieties. While transgenic technology requires the involvement of miRNAs, synthetic miRNAs have been successfully applied to silence the expression of intended target genes and their functions. miRNAs are capable of silencing either a single gene specifically or multiple related but not identical genes simultaneously. miRNAs are a class of small RNA molecules that do not encode proteins, but rather silence genes by following the target mRNA sequences in a base-pair-complementary manner to inhibit post-transcriptional gene expression. First, let’s look at the positive side: miRNAs play a huge role in cell differentiation, biological development, and disease progression. With further research on the mechanism of miRNA action and the use of the latest high-throughput technologies such as miRNA microarrays to investigate the relationship between miRNAs and diseases, the understanding of the network of gene expression regulation in higher eukaryotes will be improved to a new level. This will also enable miRNA to become a new biological marker for disease diagnosis, and may make this molecule a drug target or mimic it for new drug development, which may provide a new means of treatment for human diseases. Secondly, we cannot ignore the other side of it: a very surprising discovery by Prof. Chen-Yu Zhang’s group at Nanjing University – plant microRNAs (miRNAs) can enter human blood and tissues and organs by way of daily food intake. Once they enter the body, they affect the physiological functions of the human body by regulating the expression of target genes in the body, and thus play a biological role. Because the current knowledge of miRNAs is still the tip of the iceberg, who can be sure that the arrival of a certain typhoon is not caused by the micro-flapping of a beautiful butterfly’s wings.