What are the risk factors for correctable aneurysms and subarachnoid hemorrhage?

  Correctable risk factors should be included in the treatment component regarding intracranial aneurysms. Among the following risk factors, the most significant correctable risk factors include: smoking, hypertension, and alcohol abuse.  The effects of smoking on aneurysms are significant, and although the cause is not known, an imbalance in the ratio of elastase to a1 antitrypsin or an increase in elastase in the serum of smokers can lead to aneurysm formation and the development of subarachnoid hemorrhage.  1, the formation of aneurysms: smokers have a high chance of developing more aneurysms.  2, aneurysm growth: Smoking is closely associated with increased growth of unruptured aneurysms.  3, aneurysm rupture: the chance of aneurysm rupture in smokers is twice or more than the chance of rupture in non-smokers with aneurysms.  4, vasospasm: smokers have a higher chance of developing symptomatic vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage.  Hypertension Hypertension is a risk factor for subarachnoid hemorrhage Alcohol abuse Along with the two risk factors of smoking and hypertension, alcohol consumption (>2 times/day) increases the risk of subarachnoid hemorrhage. Drinking more than physiologically necessary should be advised to reduce the amount of alcohol consumed.  Oral contraceptives There are systematic studies both for and against the increased risk of subarachnoid hemorrhage in patients taking oral contraceptives.  Atherosclerosis Elevated plasma cholesterol may increase the risk of subarachnoid hemorrhage Coffee consumption (>5 cups/day) is an independent risk factor for subarachnoid hemorrhage.