1.Peripheral vertigo The vertigo caused by lesions in the vestibular tract or vestibular part or extracranial segment of vestibular nerve (in the internal auditory canal) is peripheral vertigo, including acute vaginitis and Meniere’s disease. The characteristics of vertigo are: ①Vertigo is intense rotational, short-lasting, and the change of head position or body position can aggravate vertigo significantly. (2) Nystagmus: nystagmus coexists with vertigo attack, mostly horizontal or horizontal plus rotational nystagmus. Usually there is no vertical nystagmus, the amplitude can be changed, and the nystagmus may subside or disappear after a few hours or days. Head position induced nystagmus is mostly fatigue, and temperature induced nystagmus is mostly seen in hemianopia. (iii) Balance disorders: mostly rotational or up-and-down swaying motion sensation, unstable standing, spontaneous tilting, static upright test mostly tilting in the direction of the slow phase of nystagmus. ④Autonomic symptoms: such as nausea, vomiting, sweating and pallor, etc. ⑤ It is often accompanied by tinnitus and hearing impairment without brain function damage. 2. Central vertigo refers to vertigo caused by lesions of the vestibular nucleus, brainstem, cerebellum and temporal lobe of the brain. Features: ①The degree of vertigo is relatively light, long-lasting, rotational or motion to one side, and can be relieved by closing the eyes, not related to head or body position change. (2) The nystagmus is coarse and can be a single vertical nystagmus and/or a horizontal, rotational type, and can persist for a long time with constant intensity. The direction of nystagmus is not consistent with the side of the lesion, and the direction of spontaneous tilting and static upright test tilting are not consistent. (iii) Balance disorder: It is manifested as rotational or to one side motion sensation and unstable standing. Most of the vertigo and balance disorder are inconsistent in degree. ④Autonomic symptoms are not as obvious as peripheral ones. ⑤No hemianopia, hearing impairment, etc. ⑥It may be accompanied by brain function damage, such as cerebral nerve damage, extraocular muscle palsy, facial and tongue palsy, ball palsy, limb paralysis, high cranial pressure, etc.