Smoke disease is cerebrovascular moyamoya disease, which was first reported by Shimizu and Takeuchi in Japan in 1955 and named “smoke disease” by Professor Suzuki and others in Japan in 1966 based on the morphological manifestation of the blood vessels seen on cerebral angiography, i.e., the abnormal vascular network at the base of the brain resembles the smoke exhaled during smoking. This name is widely accepted and used. It is an imaging name. Moyamoya is a chronic, progressive, bilateral stenosis of the internal carotid arteries of unknown origin, resulting in occlusion and the formation of a vascular network at the base of the brain. Clinically, children and adolescents are characterized by cerebral ischemia and infarction, while adults often have intracerebral hemorrhage as the first symptom. In China, it is currently reported in Beijing, Shanghai, Shandong, Henan, Hubei, Anhui, Hebei, and Inner Mongolia, with Henan being the high prevalence province, especially in Zhoukou, Shangqiu, Zhumadian, and Xinyang areas. The disease occurs mostly in children and adolescents, and can also be seen in adults. The literature reports that the disease can occur from 4 to 65 years of age. The two high incidence age groups are under 10 years old and 30-40 years old, accounting for 50% and 20% respectively. No drugs can stop the natural progression of the disease, and surgery is the only effective treatment. It is treated mainly by direct reconstruction of cerebral vessels, indirect reconstruction and combined direct+indirect reconstruction to change the blood supply to the cerebral hemispheres.