In the initial investigation of the diagnosis of dizziness and vertigo, the most used terms are “cervical dizziness”, “cerebral insufficiency” or “vertebrobasilar insufficiency”. Even patients themselves, like most physicians, give themselves the diagnosis of cervical dizziness/vertigo (thought to be related to cervical spondylosis) or insufficient cerebral blood supply to the basilar artery (mistakenly thought to be arterial compression). This is precisely due to the inability of some physicians to properly understand the concept of dizziness or vertigo and the lack of careful differentiation and determination of the etiology. Therefore, it is especially important for clinicians to correctly understand the concept of dizziness and vertigo, to understand the characteristics of common diseases related to the syndrome, and to correctly diagnose them in their daily clinical work. The author introduces the correct concept of dizziness and the characteristics of common dizziness and vertigo diseases, combining the progress of dizziness diagnosis and treatment abroad and his own clinical practice experience, for the reference of relevant clinicians in practice to avoid blind selection of examination means and drug treatment. Epidemiological characteristics of dizziness and problems in diagnosis Dizziness and vertigo are almost one of the most common clinical conditions with high incidence and prevalence, and are the main syndromes seen in outpatient clinics of internal medicine, neurology and otorhinolaryngology, as well as one of the main conditions seen in emergency departments. An annual National Health Service survey study in the United States showed that approximately 19.6% of people over the age of 65 had dizziness and balance disorder symptoms. This is comparable to data from another community-based and population-based survey in the United States and the United Kingdom (21%-29% prevalence). A Dutch survey of dizziness in all age groups showed an annual incidence of 4.7%. The vast majority of dizziness was episodic, with less than 5% being persistent. The frequency of dizziness episodes varies across studies. In a community-based study of dizziness, 51% of people had monthly episodes, 14% had weekly episodes, and 35% had daily episodes. Despite the high incidence of dizziness, the diagnosis of dizziness by some clinicians is often “confusing” and “arbitrary”. The term “confusion” refers to the fact that some dizziness can be difficult to diagnose due to poor presentation or lack of experience on the part of the patient; the term “random” refers to the fact that physicians are more casual about diagnosing dizziness or vertigo of “unclear etiology”. The so-called “casual” refers to the fact that physicians give the diagnosis of “cerebral insufficiency of blood supply” or “cervical dizziness” to dizziness or vertigo of which the cause is “unclear”, or simply use the word “dizziness” to make a symptomatological diagnosis, instead of conducting in-depth diagnostic analysis of dizziness and vertigo. The diagnosis of dizziness and vertigo was given more casually than the diagnosis of dizziness.